JUnit测试预期异常的正确方法

Question

Hello guys I was wondering if this way of testing my exception is ok, i have this exception i need to throw in the second test annotation, im receiving as result a red evil bar, and a succeed and a failure, as you can guess the failure is my concern, i have a fail(); there but the reason is because i read thats the way to test the exception and now im confused.

Also i have to say im willin get the green bar because im expecting the exception, but i dont know if failure is the right way to see the answer of the expected exception.

Also if you had any advice, I would appreciate it

@Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        LogPack.logPacConfig(Constants.LOGGING_FILE);
        gtfri = "+RESP:GTFRI,380502,869606020101881,INCOFER-gv65,,10,1,1,0.0,0,888.1,-84.194560,9.955602,20170220074514,,,,,,0.0,,,,100,210100,,,,20170220074517,40A2$";
        weirdProtocol = "+RESP:GRI,380502,869606020101881,INCOFER-gv65,,10,1,1,0.0,0,888.1,-84.194560,9.955602,20170220074514,,,,,,0.0,,,,100,210100,,,,20170220074517,40A2$";
        factory = new LocomotiveFactory();
    }
    @Test
    public void GTFRICreationTester_shouldPass() throws TramaConProtolocoloDesconocido {
        assertTrue(factory.createLocomotive(gtfri, false, new Date()) instanceof LocomotiveGTFRI);
    }

    @Test(expected = TramaConProtolocoloDesconocido.class)
    public void GTFRICreationTester_shouldFail()  {
        try {
            factory.createLocomotive(weirdProtocol, false, new Date());
            fail("Expected an TramaConProtolocoloDesconocido");
        } catch (TramaConProtolocoloDesconocido e) {
            //assertSame("exception thrown as expected", "no se conoce el protocolo dado para la creacion de este factory", e.getMessage());;
        }
    }

Answer 1

There is 3 most common ways to test expected exception:

First one is the most common way, but you can test only the type of expected exception with it. This test will fail if ExceptionType won't be thrown:

@Test(expected = ExceptionType.class)
public void testSomething(){
    sut.doSomething();
}

Also you cannot specify the failure message using this approach

The better option is to use ExpectedException JUnit @Rule . Here you can assert much more for expected exception

@Rule
public ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none();

@Test
public void testSomething(){
    thrown.expect(ExceptionType.class);
    thrown.expectMessage("Error message");
    thrown.expectCause(is(new CauseOfExeption()));
    thrown.reportMissingExceptionWithMessage("Exception expected"); 
    //any other expectations
    sut.doSomething();
}

The third option will allow you to do the same as with using ExpectedException @Rule, but all the assertion should be written manually. However the advantage of this method is that you can use any custom assertion and any assertion library that you want:

@Test
public void testSomething(){
    try{
        sut.doSomething();
        fail("Expected exception");
    } catch(ExceptionType e) {
    //assert ExceptionType e
    } 
}

Answer 2

You can use ExpectedException which can provide you more precise information about the exception expected to be thrown with the ability to verify error message, as follows:

import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
public class TestClass {

    @Rule
    public ExpectedException expectedException = ExpectedException.none();


    @Test
    public void GTFRICreationTester_shouldFail()  {
        expectedException.expect(TramaConProtolocoloDesconocido.class);
        factory.createLocomotive(weirdProtocol, false, new Date());
    }
}

To expolore more about it, you can refer to the blog written by me here - Expected Exception Rule and Mocking Static Methods – JUnit

Answer 3

if your are using java 8, I would recommend to go for the AssertJ library

public void GTFRICreationTester_shouldFail()  {
    assertThatExceptionOfType(EXCEPTION_CLASS).isThrownBy(() -> { factory.createLocomotive(weirdProtocol, false, new Date()) })
                                               .withMessage("MESSAGE")
                                               .withMessageContaining("MESSAGE_CONTAINING")
                                               .withNoCause();         

    }

with that solution you can at one verify exception type, with message etc.

for more reading, take a look at: http://joel-costigliola.github.io/assertj/assertj-core-features-highlight.html#exception-assertion

Answer 4

You don't need to catch the Exception with try-catch

@Test(expected = TramaConProtolocoloDesconocido.class)
public void GTFRICreationTester_shouldFail()  {

    factory.createLocomotive(weirdProtocol, false, new Date());

}

If we suppose that factory.createLocomotive(weirdProtocol, false, new Date()) throws the exception when you apply a scenario that makes the exception thrown.

void createLocomotive(param...) {

    //something...

    throw new TramaConProtolocoloDesconocido();
}