[英]changing printf to cout
I am still a bit unfamiliar with C++ and need some help with using cout
. 我仍然不太熟悉C ++,在使用
cout
需要一些帮助。
int main()
{
char letterGrades[25] = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', };
for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
printf("[%d] --> %c", i, letterGrades[i]);
if (i == 3) // how can I print \n when i == 7 , 11 , 15 , 19....
{
printf("\n");
}
}
}
This is what I am trying to do, and it works perfectly fine. 这是我正在尝试做的,并且工作得很好。 However, I don't know how to write this code using cout.
但是,我不知道如何使用cout编写此代码。
Also, I would print the result in a 4 in a row tabulate format. 另外,我将结果以4列的表格格式打印。 so result can look something like this
所以结果可以像这样
[0] --> A [1] --> A [2] --> A [3] --> A
[4] --> A [5] --> A [6] --> A [7] --> A
[8] --> A [9] --> A [10] --> A [11] --> A
The class of which cout
is an instance has clever overloads to <<
for many types, including char
, int
, and const char[]
(for string literals): cout
是实例的类对于许多类型都有聪明的重载, <<
,包括char
, int
和const char[]
(对于字符串文字):
So you can write 所以你可以写
std::cout << "[" << i << "] --> " << letterGrades[i];
in place of your first printf
and 代替您的第一个
printf
和
std::cout << "\n";
for the second one. 第二个。 You can use
"\\t"
to inject a tabulation character into the stream. 您可以使用
"\\t"
将制表符插入流中。
All this comes at a slight performance hit, which ought to be negligible cf. 所有这些都对性能造成了轻微的影响,这应该可以忽略不计。 the I/O on your platform.
您平台上的I / O。
Also, consider reading C++: "std::endl" vs "\\n" for further study. 另外,请考虑阅读C ++:“ std :: endl”与“ \\ n”进行进一步研究。
Finally, use 最后,使用
if (i % 4 == 3){
// i is 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, etc
}
for your conditional check for the periodic newlines. 用于定期换行的条件检查。
%
is the remainder operator. %
是余数运算符。
Inside for loop something like this: 在for循环中,如下所示:
std::cout << "[" << i << "]" << "-->" << letterGrades[i];
if (i == 3){
std::cout << "\n";
}
its pretty easy actually 其实很容易
for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
cout << "[" << i << "] --> " << letterGrades[i] << (i%3==0)?endl:"";
}
Let me explain the code 让我解释一下代码
cout takes bitwise operations to pass in a stream. cout需要按位操作才能在流中传递。 What that basically means is that you need to use "<<" operator to tell it what to print.
这基本上意味着您需要使用“ <<”运算符来告诉它要打印什么。
The last bit (i%3==0)?endl:""
. 最后一位
(i%3==0)?endl:""
。 If you're not familiar with the ?
如果您不熟悉
?
operator, what that does is if the condition that appears within ()
is true, it'll evaluate the part before :
, if not then it'll evaluate the later 运算符,它的作用是,如果
()
中出现的条件为true,它将评估:
之前的部分,否则,将评估后面的部分。
eg:- 例如:-
print((1>0)?"Hello":"World") \\ Output: Hello
print((false)?"Hello":"World") \\ Output: World
%
is also a neat operator we can use. %
也是我们可以使用的整洁运算符。 It divides a number and returns the remainder. eg:- 例如:-
print(10%5) \\ Output: 0
print(5%2) \\ Output: 1
So I used that to see if there should be a line terminator endl
("\\n") after the third column, 所以我用它来看看在第三列之后是否应该有一个行终止符
endl
(“ \\ n”),
Hope this helps 希望这可以帮助
The easiest way to insert a newline (or std::endl) after each 3rd, 7th, 11th, etc, line is probably to have an int to count each step 在第3、7、11等行之后插入换行符(或std :: endl)的最简单方法可能是让int计数每一步
int endl_count = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
std::cout << '[' << i << ']' << " --> " << letterGrades[i];
if (endl_count == 3) {
endl_count = 0;
std::cout << std::endl;
}
endl_count++;
}
Also: to get the size of an array you can do 另外:要获取数组的大小,您可以执行
(sizeof(array) / sizeof(datatype))
So in your case you can do 所以你可以
for (int i = 0; i < (sizeof(letterGrades) / sizeof(char)); i++)
instead of hardcoding the 25
而不是硬编码
25
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