ReferenceError：未定义浏览器 - 使用Karma和Jasmine

Question

I am getting ReferenceError: browser is not defined when trying to set up some basic tests with Jasmine and Karma.

Here is my Karma config file

// Karma configuration
// Generated on Wed Mar 08 2017 13:29:09 GMT+0000 (GMT)

module.exports = function(config) {
   config.set({

    // base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
    basePath: '',


    // frameworks to use
    // available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
    frameworks: ['jasmine'],


    // list of files / patterns to load in the browser
    files: [
        './spec/**/*.js'
    ],


    // list of files to exclude
    exclude: [
    ],


    // preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
    // available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-    preprocessor
    preprocessors: {
    },


    // test results reporter to use
    // possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
    // available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
    reporters: ['progress'],


    // web server port
    port: 9876,


    // enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
    colors: true,


    // level of logging
    // possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
    logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,


    // enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
    autoWatch: true,


    // start these browsers
    // available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
    browsers: ['Chrome'],


    // Continuous Integration mode
    // if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
    singleRun: false,

    // Concurrency level
    // how many browser should be started simultaneous
    concurrency: Infinity
  })
};

And then I have one test file called loginSpec.js shown here:

describe('login page', function() {

    beforeEach(function(){
        browser().navigateTo('/');
    });

    it('should have the correct title', function() {
        expect(browser.getTitle()).toEqual('Title');

    });
});

Whenever I run the test in the Karma tool window I get the following error:

ReferenceError: browser is not defined
    at Object.<anonymous> (spec/loginSpec.js:11:9)
ReferenceError: browser is not defined
    at Object.<anonymous> (spec/loginSpec.js:15:16)

I don't understand why browser is suddenly not defined as I had tests working before setting up Karma (using WebdriverIO and selenium-standalone). These tests were written in the same way and there were no errors regarding browser

I have also researched and found that a lot of other people have had the same issue, but they are having it because of issues with Angular, which i am not using?

Answer 1

Using karma,jasmine there is no handler/object as browser available like WebdriverIO and selenium-standalone.

If you are looking to write a unit test case using jasmine to test the route, it can be done via injecting $location service of angular as below:

describe('login page', function() {

    beforeEach(angular.mock.inject((_$rootScope_, _$location_) => {
       _$location_.path('/');
       _$rootScope_.$digest();
    }));

    it('should have the correct title', function() {
        expect(browser.getTitle()).toEqual('Title');

    });
});