拒绝连接到本地主机上的虚拟主机

Question

I have followed the following tutorial for setting up a localhost on macOS Yosemite.

The tutorial does the following things:

We set up Apache (with Homebrew) to run on boot on ports 8080 and 8443 with auto-VirtualHosts for directories in the ~/Sites folder and PHP-FPM via mod_fastcgi. The OS X firewall will forward all port 80 traffic to port 8080 and port 443 to port 8443, so we don't have specify the port number when visiting web pages in local web browsers or run Apache as root. MySQL is installed and set to run on boot as well. DNSMasq and some OS X configuration is used to direct any hostname ending in .dev to the local system to work in conjunction with Apache's auto-VirtualHosts.

My setup

I am running a fresh installed macOS Sierra 10.12.3 installation.

The problem

When I visit one the virtualhosts (like http://mysite.dev ), I get an "ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED" error.

Some tests

It looks like my dnsmasq is doing the right thing:

$ ping -c 3 test.dev
PING test.dev (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.102 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.131 ms

--- test.dev ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.041/0.091/0.131/0.038 ms

Apache 2.2 is installed:

$ httpd -v
Server version: Apache/2.2.31 (Unix)
Server built:   Mar 14 2017 14:33:49

It looks like port 80 is closed:

$ telnet 127.0.0.1 80
Trying 127.0.0.1...
telnet: connect to address 127.0.0.1: Connection refused
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host

Files

My ~/Sites/httpd-vhosts.conf looks like this:

#
# Listening ports.
#
#Listen 8080  # defined in main httpd.conf
Listen 8443

#
# Use name-based virtual hosting.
#
NameVirtualHost *:8080
NameVirtualHost *:8443

#
# Set up permissions for VirtualHosts in ~/Sites
#
<Directory "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
    AllowOverride All
    <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
        Require all granted
    </IfModule>
    <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </IfModule>
</Directory>

# For http://localhost in the users' Sites folder
<VirtualHost _default_:8080>
    ServerName localhost
    DocumentRoot "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites"
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost _default_:8443>
    ServerName localhost
    Include "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/ssl/ssl-shared-cert.inc"
    DocumentRoot "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites"
</VirtualHost>

#
# VirtualHosts
#

## Manual VirtualHost template for HTTP and HTTPS
#<VirtualHost *:8080>
#  ServerName project.dev
#  CustomLog "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/logs/project.dev-access_log" combined
#  ErrorLog "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/logs/project.dev-error_log"
#  DocumentRoot "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/project.dev"
#</VirtualHost>
#<VirtualHost *:8443>
#  ServerName project.dev
#  Include "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/ssl/ssl-shared-cert.inc"
#  CustomLog "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/logs/project.dev-access_log" combined
#  ErrorLog "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/logs/project.dev-error_log"
#  DocumentRoot "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/project.dev"
#</VirtualHost>

#
# Automatic VirtualHosts
#
# A directory at /Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/webroot can be accessed at http://webroot.dev
# In Drupal, uncomment the line with: RewriteBase /
#

# This log format will display the per-virtual-host as the first field followed by a typical log line
LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combinedmassvhost

# Auto-VirtualHosts with .dev
<VirtualHost *:8080>
  ServerName dev
  ServerAlias *.dev

  CustomLog "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/logs/dev-access_log" combinedmassvhost
  ErrorLog "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/logs/dev-error_log"

  VirtualDocumentRoot /Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/%-2+
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:8443>
  ServerName dev
  ServerAlias *.dev
  Include "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/ssl/ssl-shared-cert.inc"

  CustomLog "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/logs/dev-access_log" combinedmassvhost
  ErrorLog "/Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/logs/dev-error_log"

  VirtualDocumentRoot /Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/%-2+
</VirtualHost>

My /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/httpd.conf file looks like:

ServerRoot "/usr/local/opt/httpd22"

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 8080

#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
LoadModule authn_file_module libexec/mod_authn_file.so
LoadModule authn_dbm_module libexec/mod_authn_dbm.so
LoadModule authn_anon_module libexec/mod_authn_anon.so
LoadModule authn_dbd_module libexec/mod_authn_dbd.so
LoadModule authn_default_module libexec/mod_authn_default.so
LoadModule authz_host_module libexec/mod_authz_host.so
LoadModule authz_groupfile_module libexec/mod_authz_groupfile.so
LoadModule authz_user_module libexec/mod_authz_user.so
LoadModule authz_dbm_module libexec/mod_authz_dbm.so
LoadModule authz_owner_module libexec/mod_authz_owner.so
LoadModule authz_default_module libexec/mod_authz_default.so
LoadModule auth_basic_module libexec/mod_auth_basic.so
LoadModule auth_digest_module libexec/mod_auth_digest.so
LoadModule cache_module libexec/mod_cache.so
LoadModule dbd_module libexec/mod_dbd.so
LoadModule dumpio_module libexec/mod_dumpio.so
LoadModule reqtimeout_module libexec/mod_reqtimeout.so
LoadModule ext_filter_module libexec/mod_ext_filter.so
LoadModule include_module libexec/mod_include.so
LoadModule filter_module libexec/mod_filter.so
LoadModule substitute_module libexec/mod_substitute.so
LoadModule deflate_module libexec/mod_deflate.so
LoadModule log_config_module libexec/mod_log_config.so
LoadModule log_forensic_module libexec/mod_log_forensic.so
LoadModule logio_module libexec/mod_logio.so
LoadModule env_module libexec/mod_env.so
LoadModule mime_magic_module libexec/mod_mime_magic.so
LoadModule cern_meta_module libexec/mod_cern_meta.so
LoadModule expires_module libexec/mod_expires.so
LoadModule headers_module libexec/mod_headers.so
LoadModule ident_module libexec/mod_ident.so
LoadModule usertrack_module libexec/mod_usertrack.so
LoadModule unique_id_module libexec/mod_unique_id.so
LoadModule setenvif_module libexec/mod_setenvif.so
LoadModule version_module libexec/mod_version.so
LoadModule proxy_module libexec/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_connect_module libexec/mod_proxy_connect.so
LoadModule proxy_ftp_module libexec/mod_proxy_ftp.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module libexec/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule proxy_scgi_module libexec/mod_proxy_scgi.so
LoadModule proxy_ajp_module libexec/mod_proxy_ajp.so
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module libexec/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule ssl_module libexec/mod_ssl.so
LoadModule mime_module libexec/mod_mime.so
LoadModule dav_module libexec/mod_dav.so
LoadModule status_module libexec/mod_status.so
LoadModule autoindex_module libexec/mod_autoindex.so
LoadModule asis_module libexec/mod_asis.so
LoadModule info_module libexec/mod_info.so
LoadModule suexec_module libexec/mod_suexec.so
LoadModule cgid_module libexec/mod_cgid.so
LoadModule cgi_module libexec/mod_cgi.so
LoadModule dav_fs_module libexec/mod_dav_fs.so
LoadModule vhost_alias_module libexec/mod_vhost_alias.so
LoadModule negotiation_module libexec/mod_negotiation.so
LoadModule dir_module libexec/mod_dir.so
LoadModule imagemap_module libexec/mod_imagemap.so
LoadModule actions_module libexec/mod_actions.so
LoadModule speling_module libexec/mod_speling.so
LoadModule userdir_module libexec/mod_userdir.so
LoadModule alias_module libexec/mod_alias.so
LoadModule rewrite_module libexec/mod_rewrite.so

<IfModule !mpm_netware_module>
<IfModule !mpm_winnt_module>
#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.  
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User daemon
Group daemon

</IfModule>
</IfModule>

# 'Main' server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#

#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
ServerAdmin you@example.com

#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:8080

#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/var/www/htdocs"

#
# Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect
# to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that
# directory (and its subdirectories). 
#
# First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of 
# features.  
#
<Directory />
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Order deny,allow
    Deny from all
</Directory>

#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#

#
# This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.
#
<Directory "/usr/local/var/www/htdocs">
    #
    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
    # or any combination of:
    #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
    #
    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
    # doesn't give it to you.
    #
    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see
    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options
    # for more information.
    #
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    #
    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    #
    AllowOverride None

    #
    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
    #
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all

</Directory>

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being 
# viewed by Web clients. 
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
    Order allow,deny
    Deny from all
    Satisfy All
</FilesMatch>

#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog "/usr/local/var/log/apache2/error_log"

#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>
      # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>

    #
    # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
    # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
    # container, they will be logged here.  Contrariwise, if you *do*
    # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
    # logged therein and *not* in this file.
    #
    CustomLog "/usr/local/var/log/apache2/access_log" common

    #
    # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
    # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
    #
    #CustomLog "/usr/local/var/log/apache2/access_log" combined
</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>
    #
    # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to 
    # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client 
    # will make a new request for the document at its new location.
    # Example:
    # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar

    #
    # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
    # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
    # Example:
    # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
    #
    # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
    # require it to be present in the URL.  You will also likely
    # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
    # the filesystem path.

    #
    # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. 
    # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
    # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
    # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
    # client.  The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
    # directives as to Alias.
    #
    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/var/apache2/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

<IfModule cgid_module>
    #
    # ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX
    # socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid.
    #
    #Scriptsock /usr/local/var/run/apache2/cgisock
</IfModule>

#
# "/usr/local/var/apache2/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
<Directory "/usr/local/var/apache2/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options None
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>

#
# DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document
# if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions.
# If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is
# a good value.  If most of your content is binary, such as applications
# or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to
# keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are
# text.
#
DefaultType text/plain

<IfModule mime_module>
    #
    # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
    # filename extension to MIME-type.
    #
    TypesConfig /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/mime.types

    #
    # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
    # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
    #
    #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
    #
    # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
    # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
    #
    #AddEncoding x-compress .Z
    #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
    #
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    #
    # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
    # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
    # or added with the Action directive (see below)
    #
    # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
    # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

    # For type maps (negotiated resources):
    #AddHandler type-map var

    #
    # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
    #
    # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
    # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    #AddType text/html .shtml
    #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>

#
# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
# contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile
# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
#
#MIMEMagicFile /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/magic

#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
#

#
# MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before
# returning the entire resource, or one of the special
# values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'.
# Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges.
#MaxRanges unlimited

#
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, 
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall is used to deliver
# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted 
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
#
#EnableMMAP off
#EnableSendfile off

# Supplemental configuration
#
# The configuration files in the /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/extra/ directory can be 
# included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of 
# the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as 
# necessary.

# Server-pool management (MPM specific)
#Include /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/extra/httpd-mpm.conf

# Multi-language error messages
#Include /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf

# Fancy directory listings
#Include /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf

# Language settings
#Include /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/extra/httpd-languages.conf

# User home directories
#Include /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/extra/httpd-userdir.conf

# Real-time info on requests and configuration
#Include /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/extra/httpd-info.conf

# Virtual hosts
#Include /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

# Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual
#Include /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/extra/httpd-manual.conf

# Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)
#Include /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/extra/httpd-dav.conf

# Various default settings
#Include /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/extra/httpd-default.conf

# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections
#Include /usr/local/etc/apache2/2.2/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
#
# Note: The following must must be present to support
#       starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent
#       but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.
#
<IfModule ssl_module>
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
</IfModule>

# Echo & Co. changes

# Load PHP-FPM via mod_fastcgi
LoadModule fastcgi_module    /usr/local/opt/mod_fastcgi/libexec/mod_fastcgi.so

<IfModule fastcgi_module>
  FastCgiConfig -maxClassProcesses 1 -idle-timeout 1500

  # Prevent accessing FastCGI alias paths directly
  <LocationMatch "^/fastcgi">
    <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
      Require env REDIRECT_STATUS
    </IfModule>
    <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
      Order Deny,Allow
      Deny from All
      Allow from env=REDIRECT_STATUS
    </IfModule>
  </LocationMatch>

  FastCgiExternalServer /php-fpm -host 127.0.0.1:9000 -pass-header Authorization -idle-timeout 1500
  ScriptAlias /fastcgiphp /php-fpm
  Action php-fastcgi /fastcgiphp

  # Send PHP extensions to PHP-FPM
  AddHandler php-fastcgi .php

  # PHP options
  AddType text/html .php
  AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
  DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
</IfModule>

# Include our VirtualHosts
Include /Users/robbertvermeulen/Sites/httpd-vhosts.conf

Answer 1

Stop firewall:

service iptables stop

check if port 8080 or 8443 is open

netstat -alp | grep -e 8080 -e 8443

Get the pid and check if it matches with apache pid

ps -ef | grep httpd

Check apache logs if its showing some error

tail -f /etc/httpd/logs/access_log /etc/httpd/logs/error_log