试图传递2D字符数组，但出现垃圾

Question

I am trying to parse a std::string , split it, and then store it in a 2D char array. The first row of this array, will contain the total number of rows. I dynamically allocate the array inside the getC_strings() function, and when I print it, I get the expected results. However, when I am printing again from the main() , I get garbage, for rows 0, 2. What am I doing wrong?

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/algorithm/string/classification.hpp> // Include boost::for is_any_of
#include <boost/algorithm/string/split.hpp>          // Include for boost::split

using namespace std;

/**
*
* @param input a string separated by spaces
* @param numArgs_ an int
* @param cargs a const char ** something.  Pass it by its address aka &something.
*/
static inline void getC_strings(const std::string & input, int & numArgs_, const char *** cargs) {

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    boost::split(args, input, boost::is_any_of(" "), boost::token_compress_on);
    numArgs_ = int(args.size());
    *cargs = new const char* [numArgs_ + 1];


    // store the number of rows at the first row
    (*cargs)[0] = new char[to_string(numArgs_).size()];
    (*cargs)[0] = to_string(numArgs_).c_str();

    // write the characters from the vector per row
    int ind = 0;
    for(auto const &v:args) {
        ind++;
        (*cargs)[ind] = new char [int(v.size())];
        if((*cargs)[ind] == NULL) std::cout << "OUT OF MEMORY! " << std::endl;
        (*cargs)[ind] = const_cast<char*>(v.c_str());
    }


    for(int i = 0; i < numArgs_; ++i) {
        std::cout << i << " " << (*cargs)[i] << std::endl;
    }

}


int main () {

    string arg = "test ./MyDirectoryName/OPQ_Arksoatn.txt 1 SOMETHING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7";
    int numCargs = 0;
    const char ** cargs;
    getC_strings(arg, numCargs, &cargs);

    cout << "  ==============================================" << endl;
    for(int i = 0; i < numCargs; ++i) {
        std::cout << i << " " << cargs[i] << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

    0 11
    1 test
    2 ./MyDirectoryName/OPQ_Arksoatn.txt
    3 1
    4 SOMETHING
    5 1
    6 2
    7 3
    8 4
    9 5
    10 6
    ==============================================
    0 ��`
    1 test
    2 `��
    3 1
    4 SOMETHING
    5 1
    6 2
    7 3
    8 4
    9 5
    10 6

Answer 1

You can try this method that does not leak memory. It is crafted from the solution found here .

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <boost/algorithm/string/classification.hpp> // Include boost::for is_any_of
#include <boost/algorithm/string/split.hpp>          // Include for boost::split

using namespace std;

class CharStarWrapper
{
    private:
        typedef std::vector<char> CharArray;
        typedef std::list<CharArray> StringList;
        typedef std::vector<const char *> ArgList;
        const char** m_Args;
        StringList m_sList;
        ArgList m_cStrings;

    public:
        CharStarWrapper(const std::string & input) : m_Args(nullptr)
        {
            std::vector<std::string> args;
            boost::split(args, input, boost::is_any_of(" "), boost::token_compress_on);
            for (auto const &v : args)
            {
                // create an array of char and place on list
                m_sList.push_back(CharArray(v.begin(), v.end()));

                // null terminate this entry
                m_sList.back().push_back(0);

                // add the pointer to this entry to the vector of const char *.
                m_cStrings.push_back(&m_sList.back()[0]);
            }
            m_Args = m_cStrings.data();
        }

        const char** getArgs() { return m_Args;  }
        int getArgCount() const { return static_cast<int>(m_cStrings.size()); }
};

void fake_main(int argc, const char **argv)
{
   std::cout << "The number of arguments is " << argc << "\n";
   for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) 
        std::cout << argv[i] << "\n";
}

int main() {
    string arg = "test ./MyDirectoryName/OPQ_Arksoatn.txt 1 SOMETHING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7";
    CharStarWrapper wrapper(arg);
    fake_main(wrapper.getArgCount(), wrapper.getArgs());        
}

Live Example

Basically, we wrap the const char** in a class. This class maintains the dynamic array of strings, and merely provides public member functions to return the const char** as well as the number of arguments. A call to a "fake" main() function demonstrates the usage.

There are no calls to new[] , delete[] , strdup , etc. that would require calls to the deallocation routines to avoid memory leaks. When the wrapper goes out of scope, all of the memory is cleaned up automatically.

Note that this solution relies on the wrapper object not going out of scope for the lifetime you will be using the const char ** value. The reason is that CharStarWrapper maintains the infrastructure, and destroying the infrastructure while using it will be incorrect.

Answer 2

In a couple of places:

// store the number of rows at the first row
(*cargs)[0] = new char[to_string(numArgs_).size()];
(*cargs)[0] = to_string(numArgs_).c_str();

and

   // Similar code that allocates then ignores some space
   (*cargs)[ind] = const_cast<char*>(v.c_str());

You are carrying off a pointer to an internal part of a std::string. You need to duplicate this into your array to walk off with it in your char array structure. (see strdup).

Replace with:

(*cargs)[0] = strdup(to_string(numArgs_).c_str());

and

   (*cargs)[ind] = strdup(v.c_str());