如何从R中将Excel工作表范围导出到图片

Question

We are trying to automate the creation of some picture files within an R Script.

We have the Excel files looking the way that we want them to, but now need to make a JPG or PNG picture-copy of those excel tables for easier web posting.

We've been using the library(xlsx) package for most of our interactions between R and Excel, and it looks like we should be able to send specific java commands through something like ?.jmethods but it's unclear how we would pass as many lines as we need to.

In an R session, here's a minimal reproducible example...

Here's an example Excel file with a range to print

library(xlsx)
file <- system.file("tests", "test_import.xlsx", package = "xlsx")
file

And here's the Excel macro that exports the Excel range to a picture file

Sub Tester()

    Worksheets("deletedFields").Range("A8:J36").CopyPicture xlScreen, xlBitmap

    Application.DisplayAlerts = False
    Set oCht = Charts.Add
    With oCht
        .Paste
        .Export Filename:="C:\temp\SavedRange.jpg", Filtername:="JPG"
        .Delete
    End With


End Sub

Any help automating this would be much appreciated!

Answer 1

Consider having R do exactly as VBA does in your macro: making a COM interface to the Excel object library. You can do so with the RDCOMClient package, retaining nearly same code as macro in the R syntax.

library(RDCOMClient)

xlApp <- COMCreate("Excel.Application")
xlWbk <- xlApp$Workbooks()$Open("C:\\Path\\To\\test_import.xlsx")
xlScreen = 1
xlBitmap = 2

xlWbk$Worksheets("deletedFields")$Range("A8:J36")$CopyPicture(xlScreen, xlBitmap)

xlApp[['DisplayAlerts']] <- FALSE

oCht <- xlApp[['Charts']]$Add()
oCht$Paste()
oCht$Export("C:\\Temp\\SavedRange.jpg", "JPG")
oCht$Delete()

# CLOSE WORKBOOK AND APP
xlWbk$Close(FALSE)
xlApp$Quit()

# RELEASE RESOURCES
oCht <- xlWbk <- xlApp <- NULL    
rm(oCht, xlWbk, xlApp)
gc()

Output (random data/chart)

Answer 2

You can do this with vbs. Most vbs is identical to vba so you can write out your dynamic vbs script which includes your macro as text and then call it with shell.

Here is a working example:

fileConn<-file("c:/rworking/test/test.vbs")
writeLines(c("Dim xlApp, xlBook, xlSht",
    "Dim filename",
    "filename = \"c:\\Rworking\\test\\test_import.xlsx\"",
    "Set xlApp = CreateObject(\"Excel.Application\")",
    "xlApp.Visible = True",
    "set xlBook = xlApp.WorkBooks.Open(filename)",
    "set xlSht = xlApp.Worksheets(1)",
    "set rng = xlSht.Range(\"A8:J36\")",
    "rng.CopyPicture",
    "Set oCht = xlApp.Charts",
    "oCht.Add() ",
    "Set oCht = oCht(1)",
    "oCht.paste",
    "oCht.Export \"C:\\rworking\\test\\Test.jpg\", \"JPG\""), 
    fileConn)

close(fileConn)

shell.exec("c:/rworking/test/test.vbs")

Answer 3

Hmm, not sure about posting, maybe it got redundant through Ian´s post. Its a bit more generic, but I can also remove it.

library(xlsx)

OutputPicFileName <- "Chart.jpg"
ScriptFileName <- "Chart.vbs"
xclFileName <- "test_import.xlsx"
xclRng <- "A8:J36"
file <- system.file("tests", xclFileName, package = "xlsx")
fileDirec <- unlist(strsplit(file, xclFileName))

CreateChart <- function(fileDirec, OutputPicFileName, ScriptFileName, xclRng){
  setwd(fileDirec)
  filePath <- file(paste0(fileDirec, ScriptFileName))
  writeLines(
    c(
      "Dim App, WBook, Sht, Rng, FileName, ChartObj, Chart",
       paste0("FileName = \"", gsub("/", "\\\\", fileDirec), xclFileName ,"\""),
       "Set App = CreateObject(\"Excel.Application\")",
       "Set WBook = App.WorkBooks.Open(FileName)",
       "Set Sht = App.Worksheets(1)",
       paste0("Set Rng = Sht.Range(\"", xclRng,"\")"),
       "Rng.CopyPicture",
       "Set ChartObj = App.Charts",
       "Set Chart = ChartObj.Add() ",
       "Chart.paste",
       paste0("Chart.Export \"", gsub("/", "\\\\", fileDirec) , OutputPicFileName ,"\", \"JPG\"")
    ), 
    filePath
  )
  close(filePath)
  shell.exec(ScriptFileName)
}

CreateChart(fileDirec, OutputPicFileName, ScriptFileName, xclRng)

# Result in: fileDirec