无法在对象实例之间共享数据，但只能在当前线程内共享数据

Question

Right now I have a static ArrayList in my Object class, but both of the threads are accessing/changing data to that one list. I need an ArrayList that is shared between all instances of Object, but not between instances of Object that are in different threads. What's the best way to go about this? Here's the gist of what's going on:

public class Game extends Thread {

    private Actions actions;
    private Player whitePlayer;
    private Player blackPlayer;
    private String gameID;
    private boolean gameOver;
    private int movesTaken;
    private Command currentCommand;
    private Player winner;

    public ArrayList<Settlement> SettlementList = new ArrayList<Settlement>();
    public ArrayList<Hex> SettledHexes = new ArrayList<Hex>();

    public Game(String gameID){
        whitePlayer = new Player(PlayerSide.WHITE);
        blackPlayer = new Player(PlayerSide.BLACK);
        actions = new Actions(true);
        actions.setCurrentPlayer(whitePlayer);
        this.gameID = gameID;
        gameOver = false;
        movesTaken = 0;

    }

    public void run(){
        while(!gameOver){

            if(commandIsInQueue()){

                Message currentMessage = GameData.getIncomingMessages().poll();

                if (currentMessage.getPlayerID().equals(whitePlayer.getPlayerID())) {
                    actions.setCurrentPlayer(whitePlayer);
                }
                else if(currentMessage.getPlayerID().equals(blackPlayer.getPlayerID())){
                    actions.setCurrentPlayer(blackPlayer);
                }
                else{
                    endGame();
                }
                System.out.println("Move made by: " + actions.getCurrentPlayer().getPlayerID() + " " + "in game: " + gameID);
                setCurrentCommand(currentMessage.getCommand());
                executeCommand();
                checkEndGameConditions();
                mergeAllSettlement();
                movesTaken++;
            }

            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void executeCommand(){

        int x, y, z, orientation;
        TerrainType hexATerrain, hexBTerrain, terrainTypeExpansion;

        switch(currentCommand.getCommandType()){

            case ROTATE_TILE : rotate();
                break;
            case PLACE_TILE :
                x = currentCommand.getX();
                y = currentCommand.getY();
                z = currentCommand.getZ();
                orientation = currentCommand.getOrientation();
                hexATerrain = currentCommand.getHexATerrain();
                hexBTerrain = currentCommand.getHexBTerrain();
                try{
                    placeTile(x, y, z, orientation, hexATerrain, hexBTerrain);
                }catch (InvalidMoveException e){
                    endGame();
                }
                break;
            case FOUND_SETTLEMENT :
                x = currentCommand.getX();
                y = currentCommand.getY();
                z = currentCommand.getZ();
                try {
                    foundSettlement(x, y, z);
                } catch (InvalidMoveException e) {
                    endGame();
                }
                break;
            case PLACE_TOTORO :
                x = currentCommand.getX();
                y = currentCommand.getY();
                z = currentCommand.getZ();
                try {
                    placeTotoro(x, y, z);
                } catch (InvalidMoveException e) {
                    endGame();
                }
                break;
            case PLACE_TIGER :
                x = currentCommand.getX();
                y = currentCommand.getY();
                z = currentCommand.getZ();
                try {
                    placeTiger(x, y, z);
                } catch (InvalidMoveException e) {
                    endGame();
                }
                break;
            case EXPAND_SETTLEMENT :
                x = currentCommand.getX();
                y = currentCommand.getY();
                z = currentCommand.getZ();
                terrainTypeExpansion = currentCommand.getTerrainTypeExpansion();
                try {
                    expandSettlement(x, y, z, terrainTypeExpansion);
                } catch (InvalidMoveException e) {
                    endGame();
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    private void checkEndGameConditions(){

        if(whitePlayer.hasNoPiecesLeft()){
            winner = whitePlayer;
            endGame();
        }
        else if(blackPlayer.hasNoPiecesLeft()){
            winner = blackPlayer;
            endGame();

        }
        else if(whitePlayer.hasOnlyOneTypeOfPieceLeft()){
            winner = whitePlayer;
            endGame();
        }
        else if(blackPlayer.hasOnlyOneTypeOfPieceLeft()){
            winner = blackPlayer;
            endGame();

        }
        else if(actions.getBoard().getNumberOfTilesOnBoard() > 48){
            calculateWinnerByScore();
            endGame();
        }
    }

    private boolean commandIsInQueue(){
        try {
            if (GameData.getIncomingMessages().peek().getGameID().equals(null)) {
                return false;
            } else if (GameData.getIncomingMessages().peek().getGameID().equals(gameID)) {
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e) {System.out.println("Error in commandIsInQueue() method..");}
        return false;
    }

    public void setCurrentCommand(Command command){
        currentCommand = command;
        movesTaken++;
    }

    public   void endGame(){
        System.out.println("end of: " + gameID);
        gameOver = true;
        //SEND END GAME MESSAGE
    }

    protected  void forfeit(Player player){
        if(player.getPlayerSide() == PlayerSide.BLACK){
            winner = whitePlayer;
        }
        else{
            winner = blackPlayer;
        }
        //SEND FORFEIT MESSAGE
    }

    public   void calculateWinnerByScore(){
        if(whitePlayer.getScore() > blackPlayer.getScore()){
            winner = whitePlayer;
        }
        else if(blackPlayer.getScore() > whitePlayer.getScore()){
            winner = blackPlayer;
        }
        else{
            if(whitePlayer.getTotoroAvailable() > blackPlayer.getTotoroAvailable()){
                winner = blackPlayer;
            }
            else if(blackPlayer.getTotoroAvailable() > whitePlayer.getTotoroAvailable()){
                winner = whitePlayer;
            }
            else if(whitePlayer.getTigerAvailable() > blackPlayer.getTigerAvailable()){
                winner = blackPlayer;
            }
            else if(whitePlayer.getTigerAvailable() < blackPlayer.getTigerAvailable()){
                winner = whitePlayer;
            }
        }
    }

    public   static Location convertCoordinates(int x, int y, int z){
        return new Location(x + 100, z + 100);
    }

    public   void rotate(){
        actions.invertTile();
        actions.rotateTile();
        actions.rotateTile();

        if(actions.getCurrentTile().getOrientation() == 6)  actions.getCurrentTile().setOrientation(1);
        else{
            int temp = actions.getCurrentTile().getOrientation() + 1;
            actions.getCurrentTile().setOrientation(temp);
        }
    }

    public   void placeTile(int x, int y, int z, int orientation, TerrainType terrainTypeA, TerrainType terrainTypeB) throws InvalidMoveException {
        Location coord = null;
        switch(orientation) {
            case 1:
                actions.setCurrentTile(new Tile(new Hex(TerrainType.VOLCANO), new Hex(terrainTypeA), new Hex(terrainTypeB)));
                actions.invertTile();
                actions.getCurrentTile().setOrientation(1);
                coord = convertCoordinates(x, y, z);
                break;
            case 2:
                actions.setCurrentTile(new Tile(new Hex(terrainTypeA), new Hex(terrainTypeB), new Hex(TerrainType.VOLCANO)));
                actions.getCurrentTile().setOrientation(2);
                coord = convertCoordinates(x + 1, y, z - 1);
                break;
            case 3:
                actions.setCurrentTile(new Tile(new Hex(terrainTypeB), new Hex(TerrainType.VOLCANO), new Hex(terrainTypeA)));
                actions.invertTile();
                actions.getCurrentTile().setOrientation(3);
                coord = convertCoordinates(x, y, z + 1);
                break;
            case 4:
                actions.setCurrentTile(new Tile(new Hex(TerrainType.VOLCANO), new Hex(terrainTypeA), new Hex(terrainTypeB)));
                actions.getCurrentTile().setOrientation(4);
                coord = convertCoordinates(x, y, z);
                break;
            case 5:
                actions.setCurrentTile(new Tile(new Hex(terrainTypeA), new Hex(terrainTypeB), new Hex(TerrainType.VOLCANO)));
                actions.invertTile();
                actions.getCurrentTile().setOrientation(5);
                coord = convertCoordinates(x - 1, y, z + 1);
                break;
            case 6:
                actions.setCurrentTile(new Tile(new Hex(terrainTypeB), new Hex(TerrainType.VOLCANO), new Hex(terrainTypeA)));
                actions.getCurrentTile().setOrientation(6);
                coord = convertCoordinates(x, y, z - 1);
                break;
            default:
                throw new InvalidMoveException("Invalid Orientation", 20);
        }

        actions.placeTile(coord);
    }

    public   void foundSettlement(int x, int y, int z) throws InvalidMoveException {
        Location coord = convertCoordinates(x, y, z);
        actions.foundSettlement(coord);
    }

    public   void placeTotoro(int x, int y, int z) throws InvalidMoveException {
        Location coord = convertCoordinates(x, y, z);
        actions.placeTotoro(coord);
    }

    public   void placeTiger(int x, int y, int z) throws InvalidMoveException {
        Location coord = convertCoordinates(x, y, z);
        actions.placeTiger(coord);
    }

    public  void expandSettlement(int x, int y, int z, TerrainType terrainType) throws InvalidMoveException {
        Location coord = convertCoordinates(x, y, z);
        actions.expandSettlement(coord, terrainType);
    }

    public void cyclePlayerTurn(){
        if(actions.getCurrentPlayer() == whitePlayer){
            actions.setCurrentPlayer(blackPlayer);
        }
        else{
            actions.setCurrentPlayer(whitePlayer);
        }
    }


    // deletes the current list of settlements and then re-merges each and adds them to a new list
    public void mergeAllSettlement()
    {
        // error if no settlements are on the board
        if(SettlementList.isEmpty()) return; //error?

        // create a list of Hex to be filled with Settled Hexes
        SettledHexes = new ArrayList<Hex>();
        for(int i=0; i<SettlementList.size(); i++)
        {
            for (int j=0; j<SettlementList.get(i).getSize(); j++)
            {
                SettledHexes.add(SettlementList.get(i).getHexInSettlementList().get(j));
            }
        }

        // Create a new SettlementList, deletes the old one
        SettlementList = new ArrayList<Settlement>();

        // Create a array of bool to check if that hex has been merged already
        boolean[] isChecked = new boolean[SettledHexes.size()];

        for (int i=0; i<SettledHexes.size(); i++)
        {
            if(isChecked[i] == false)
            {
                isChecked[i] = true;
                SettledHexes.get(i).setParentSettlement(new Settlement());
                SettledHexes.get(i).getParentSettlement().addSettlement(SettledHexes.get(i));

                merger(SettledHexes, isChecked, i);
            }
        }
    }

    public void merger( ArrayList<Hex> SettledHexes, boolean[] isChecked, int current_position)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < SettledHexes.size(); j++) {
            if (isChecked[j]) continue;

            Hex start_point = SettledHexes.get(current_position);
            Hex possible_adj = SettledHexes.get(j);

            Location location_start = start_point.getLocationOfHex();
            Location location_possAdj = possible_adj.getLocationOfHex();

            if ((location_possAdj.getX() == location_start.getX() && location_possAdj.getY() == (location_start.getY() - 1))
                    || (location_possAdj.getX() == (location_start.getX() + 1) && location_possAdj.getY() == (location_start.getY() - 1))
                    || (location_possAdj.getX() == (location_start.getX() + 1) && location_possAdj.getY() == location_start.getY())
                    || (location_possAdj.getX() == location_start.getX() && location_possAdj.getY() == (location_start.getY() + 1))
                    || (location_possAdj.getX() == (location_start.getX() - 1) && location_possAdj.getY() == (location_start.getY() + 1))
                    || (location_possAdj.getX() == (location_start.getX() - 1) && location_possAdj.getY() == location_start.getY()))
            {
                if(start_point.getOwner() == possible_adj.getOwner())
                {
                    isChecked[j] = true;
                    SettlementList.get(SettlementList.size() - 1).addSettlement(SettledHexes.get(j));
                    merger(SettledHexes, isChecked, j);
                }
            }
        }

        return;
    }


    public Actions getActions(){
        return actions;
    }

    public Player getWhitePlayer(){
        return whitePlayer;
    }

    public Player getBlackPlayer(){
        return blackPlayer;
    }

    public void setGameID(String gid){
        gameID = gid;
    }

    public String getGameID(){
        return gameID;
    }

    public Command getCurrentCommand(){
        return currentCommand;
    }

    public boolean isGameOver(){
        return gameOver;
    }

    public Player getWinner(){
        return winner;
    }

    public ArrayList<Settlement> getSettlementList(){
        return SettlementList;
    }

    public ArrayList<Hex> getSettledHexes(){
        return SettledHexes;
    }
}    


public class Settlement {

    private ArrayList<Hex> HexInSettlementList;
    private int size;
    private boolean hasTotoro;
    private boolean hasTiger;
    private Game parentGame;

    public Settlement(){
        if(Thread.currentThread().getName() == null){
            parentGame = new Game(" ");
        }
        else if(Thread.currentThread().getName() == GameData.getGameOne().getGameID() ){
            parentGame = GameData.getGameOne();
        }
        else if(Thread.currentThread().getName() == GameData.getGameTwo().getGameID()){
            parentGame = GameData.getGameTwo();
        }
        else {
            parentGame = new Game(" ");
        }
        parentGame.getSettlementList().add(this);
        HexInSettlementList = new ArrayList<Hex>();
        size = 0;
        hasTotoro = false;
        hasTiger = false;
    }

    public void addSettlement(Hex hex){
        hex.setParentSettlement(this);
        this.HexInSettlementList.add(hex);
        if(hex.hasTotoro()) this.hasTotoro = true;
        if(hex.hasTiger()) this.hasTiger = true;
        this.size++;
    }

    public static void removeSettlement(Hex hex){
        if(hex.isSettled())
        {
            hex.getParentSettlement().size--;
            hex.getParentSettlement().getHexInSettlementList().remove(hex);
        }
        else return; //error?
    }


    // These set functions are used for testing purposes
    public int setSize(int size){ return this.size = size; }
    public boolean setHasTotoro(boolean hasTotoro) { return this.hasTotoro = hasTotoro; }
    public boolean setHasTiger(boolean hasTiger) { return this.hasTiger = hasTiger; }


    public int getSize(){ return size; }
    public boolean getHasTotoro() { return hasTotoro; }
    public boolean getHasTiger() { return hasTiger; }
    public ArrayList<Hex> getHexInSettlementList() { return HexInSettlementList; }
}

Answer 1

I would avoid using Static.

Exactly as you stated, by making the ArrayList Static, it's shared between all of your threads. This is a problem if you want to run entirely separate, parallel instances of your code (or game) on each thread.

Try approaching this from a Design perspective.

Instead of trying to make your listOfCurrentSettlements static, I'd suggest having each instance of your game instantiate their own copy. There are a couple ways of doing this, but nearly all of them sacrifice some of the benefits and shortcuts provided by using static variables. One solution would be to pass this down to your Settlement classes through their constructors:

public class Settlement {

private ArrayList<Settlement> myListOfCurrentSettlements;

public Settlement(ArrayList<Settlement> currentSettlements){
     myListOfCurrentSettlements = currentSettlements;
     mylistOfCurrentSettlements.add(this);
}

or through an additional method:

public class Settlement {

private ArrayList<Settlement> myListOfCurrentSettlements = new ArrayList<>();

public Settlement(){
    // ...
}

public void setCurrentSettlements(ArrayList<Settlement> currentSettlements) {
    myListOfCurrentSettlements = currentSettlements;
    myListOfCurrentSettlements.add(this);
}

This comes at an obvious cost: your mergeSettlements() method can no longer be static, and now anytime you want to instantiate a Settlement in your code, you have to first make sure you're carrying around an instance of your listOfCurrentSettlements somewhere so you can pass it down. These aren't inherently bad things, but they are design problems for you to solve.

Whether or not you choose to rewrite your code is a design decision that is up to you, but note that static variables often make it difficult to expand upon on your code in certain situations (like this one). As Viktor suggested, you could always use ThreadLocal, but much like static variables, be mindful of the risks and consequences...

Answer 2

Try to make your list ThreadLocal. In this case you will have one instance per thread