为什么使用 find_element(By...) 而不是 find_element_by_

Question

What's the purpose and upside of using By from selenium.webdriver.common.by instead of instead of the normal find_element_by_... methods? For example:

driver.find_element_by_id('some_ID')

vs:

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver.find_element(By.ID, 'some_ID')

Answer 1

According to documentatio n find_element() seem to be kind of " private " method that is used by find_element_by_...() methods and also might be used in Page Object

So using Page Object pattern is the reason why you might need find_element() + By instead of find_element_by_...() .

For example, you have some variable that contains elements' id value

link_id = "some_id"

and you use it to locate element as

my_link = driver.find_element_by_id(link_id)

If for some reason id attribute was removed from element, you need both to update selector and replace find_element_by_...() method in my_link as

link_class_name = "some_class_name"
my_link = driver.find_element_by_class_name(link_class_name)

If you use By , then your initial locator might be

link_locator = (By.ID, "some_id")

and you locate your element as

my_link = find_element(*link_locator)

In case of changes in HTML source you need just to update your link_locator as

link_locator = (By.CLASS_NAME, "some_class_name")

and my_link remains exactly the same

Answer 2

Like above answer. I get the deprecated message when using find_element_by_id etc. So best way should be by using find_element() .

Answer 3

Both of these methods are from the RemoteWebDriver class.

findElement(By.id()) requires you to created your own By.id instance.
findElementById(String) is a helper function that will generate the By.id
instance for you.

It comes down to providing you with the flexibility to choose what you want to keep track of in your tests/framework. Do you want to track locators as Strings? Do you want to track locators as By objects?

Answer 4

同样在新的python版本中， find_element_by_...()被删除了，所以只需使用find_element() + By