如何从 Ruby 模块中仅导入几个函数？

Question

Suppose I have a module with the methods: function1,function2,function3. I want to import function1 and function2 but not function3. Is there a way to do this in ruby?

Answer 1

Not sure if there is a clean way to just add the methods you want, but you can remove the methods that you don't want by using undef_method .

module Foo
  def function1
  end

  def function2
  end

  def function3
  end
end

module MiniFoo
  include Foo
  not_wanted_methods = Foo.instance_methods - %w(function1 function2)
  not_wanted_methods.each {|m| undef_method m}
end

class Whatever
  include MiniFoo
end

Answer 2

Similar solution but a tad more automatic. I have no idea what kind of weird things that can happen though.

module Foo
  def m1
    puts "Hello from m1"
  end

  def m2
    puts "Hllo from m2"
  end
end

class Module
  alias :__include__ :include
  def include(mod, *methods)
    if methods.size > 0
        tmp  = mod.dup
        new_mod = Object.const_set("Mod#{tmp.object_id}", tmp)
        toremove = new_mod.instance_methods.reject { |m| methods.include? m.to_sym }
        toremove.each { |m| new_mod.send(:undef_method, m) }
        __include__(new_mod)
    else
      __include__(mod)
    end
  end
end

class Bar
  include Foo
end

class Baz
  include Foo, :m2
end

bar = Bar.new
baz = Baz.new
p bar.methods - Object.methods
p baz.methods - Object.methods

=>

["m1", "m2"]
["m2"]

Answer 3

Assuming you control the source code to the module, I think the cleanest way would be to split the module in to more, uh, modular pieces.

If you only want some parts of a module, that's a pretty good sign that you could refactor that module into multiple modules that have less responsibility.