GCC不会编译程序

Question

Alright, so I'm going crazy over this one. I'm currently trying to go through Hacking: Art of Exploitation and I'm on the part about socket programming. So here is the code and the compiler output below it.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "hacking.h"

#define PORT 7890   // the port users will be connecting to

int main(void) {
    int sockfd, new_sockfd;  // listen on sock_fd, new connection on new_fd
    struct sockaddr_in host_addr, client_addr;  // my address information
    socklen_t sin_size;
    int recv_length=1, yes=1;
    char buffer[1024];

    if ((sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
        fatal("in socket");

    if (setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(int)) == -1)
        fatal("setting socket option SO_REUSEADDR");

    host_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;      // host byte order
    host_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);    // short, network byte order
    host_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // automatically fill with my IP
    memset(&(host_addr.sin_zero), '\0', 8); // zero the rest of the struct

    if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&host_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)
        fatal("binding to socket");

    if (listen(sockfd, 5) == -1)
        fatal("listening on socket");

    while(1) {    // Accept loop
        sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
        new_sockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &sin_size);
        if(new_sockfd == -1)
            fatal("accepting connection");
        printf("server: got connection from %s port %d\n",inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port));
        send(new_sockfd, "Hello World!\n", 13, 0);
        recv_length = recv(new_sockfd, &buffer, 1024, 0);
        while(recv_length > 0) {
            printf("RECV: %d bytes\n", recv_length);
            dump(buffer, recv_length);
            recv_length = recv(new_sockfd, &buffer, 1024, 0);
        }
        close(new_sockfd);
    }
    return 0;
}

Compiler output:

root@root-laptop:~ $ gcc simple_server.c
In file included from /usr/include/sys/socket.h:35,
                 from simple_server.c:7:
/usr/include/bits/socket.h:122: error: syntax error before "define"
In file included from /usr/include/sys/socket.h:35,
                 from simple_server.c:7:
/usr/include/bits/socket.h:147: error: syntax error before "sa_family_t"
/usr/include/bits/socket.h:149: error: syntax error before '}' token
/usr/include/bits/socket.h:164: error: syntax error before "sa_family_t"
/usr/include/bits/socket.h:167: error: syntax error before '}' token
In file included from simple_server.c:9:
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:221: error: syntax error before "sa_family_t"
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:226: error: invalid application of `sizeof' to an incomplete type
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:229: error: size of array `sin_zero' is too large
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:230: error: syntax error before '}' token
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:235: error: syntax error before "sa_family_t"
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:240: error: syntax error before '}' token
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:283: error: field `gr_group' has incomplete type
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:292: error: field `gsr_group' has incomplete type
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:295: error: field `gsr_source' has incomplete type
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:327: error: field `gf_group' has incomplete type
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:335: error: field `gf_slist' has incomplete type
In file included from simple_server.c:9:
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:465: error: field `ip6m_addr' has incomplete type
simple_server.c: In function `main':
simple_server.c:17: error: storage size of `host_addr' isn't known
simple_server.c:17: error: storage size of `client_addr' isn't known
simple_server.c:34: error: invalid application of `sizeof' to an incomplete type
simple_server.c:41: error: invalid application of `sizeof' to an incomplete type
simple_server.c: At top level:
/usr/include/netinet/in.h:229: error: storage size of `sin_zero' isn't known

For some reason GCC isn't finding the predefined struct in the header files. I've tried everything to fix this, from removing header files to adding only certain ones.

Also I should note that I'm using the VM image that came with the book. It's an old version of Ubuntu and GCC.

Edit: Here are the requested files.

socket.h

#ifndef __BITS_SOCKET_H
#define __BITS_SOCKET_H

#if !defined _SYS_SOCKET_H && !defined _NETINET_IN_H
# error "Never include <bits/socket.h> directly; use <sys/socket.h> instead."
#endif

#define __need_size_t
#define __need_NULL
#include <stddef.h>

#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

/* Type for length arguments in socket calls.  */
#ifndef __socklen_t_defined
typedef __socklen_t socklen_t;
# define __socklen_t_defined
#endif

/* Types of sockets.  */
enum __socket_type
{
  SOCK_STREAM = 1,      /* Sequenced, reliable, connection-based
                   byte streams.  */
#define SOCK_STREAM SOCK_STREAM
  SOCK_DGRAM = 2,       /* Connectionless, unreliable datagrams
                   of fixed maximum length.  */
#define SOCK_DGRAM SOCK_DGRAM
  SOCK_RAW = 3,         /* Raw protocol interface.  */
#define SOCK_RAW SOCK_RAW
  SOCK_RDM = 4,         /* Reliably-delivered messages.  */
#define SOCK_RDM SOCK_RDM
  SOCK_SEQPACKET = 5,       /* Sequenced, reliable, connection-based,
                   datagrams of fixed maximum length.  */
#define SOCK_SEQPACKET SOCK_SEQPACKET
  SOCK_PACKET = 10      /* Linux specific way of getting packets
                   at the dev level.  For writing rarp and
                   other similar things on the user level. */
#define SOCK_PACKET SOCK_PACKET
};

/* Protocol families.  */
#define PF_UNSPEC   0   /* Unspecified.  */
#define PF_LOCAL    1   /* Local to host (pipes and file-domain).  */
#define PF_UNIX     PF_LOCAL /* Old BSD name for PF_LOCAL.  */
#define PF_FILE     PF_LOCAL /* Another non-standard name for PF_LOCAL.  */
#define PF_INET     2   /* IP protocol family.  */
#define PF_AX25     3   /* Amateur Radio AX.25.  */
#define PF_IPX      4   /* Novell Internet Protocol.  */
#define PF_APPLETALK    5   /* Appletalk DDP.  */
#define PF_NETROM   6   /* Amateur radio NetROM.  */
#define PF_BRIDGE   7   /* Multiprotocol bridge.  */
#define PF_ATMPVC   8   /* ATM PVCs.  */
#define PF_X25      9   /* Reserved for X.25 project.  */
#define PF_INET6    10  /* IP version 6.  */
#define PF_ROSE     11  /* Amateur Radio X.25 PLP.  */
#define PF_DECnet   12  /* Reserved for DECnet project.  */
#define PF_NETBEUI  13  /* Reserved for 802.2LLC project.  */
#define PF_SECURITY 14  /* Security callback pseudo AF.  */
#define PF_KEY      15  /* PF_KEY key management API.  */
#define PF_NETLINK  16
#define PF_ROUTE    PF_NETLINK /* Alias to emulate 4.4BSD.  */
#define PF_PACKET   17  /* Packet family.  */
#define PF_ASH      18  /* Ash.  */
#define PF_ECONET   19  /* Acorn Econet.  */
#define PF_ATMSVC   20  /* ATM SVCs.  */
#define PF_SNA      22  /* Linux SNA Project */
#define PF_IRDA     23  /* IRDA sockets.  */
#define PF_PPPOX    24  /* PPPoX sockets.  */
#define PF_WANPIPE  25  /* Wanpipe API sockets.  */
#define PF_BLUETOOTH    31  /* Bluetooth sockets.  */
#define PF_MAX      32  /* For now..  */

/* Address families.  */
#define AF_UNSPEC   PF_UNSPEC
#define AF_LOCAL    PF_LOCAL
#define AF_UNIX     PF_UNIX
#define AF_FILE     PF_FILE
#define AF_INET     PF_INET
#define AF_AX25     PF_AX25
#define AF_IPX      PF_IPX
#define AF_APPLETALK    PF_APPLETALK
#define AF_NETROM   PF_NETROM
#define AF_BRIDGE   PF_BRIDGE
#define AF_ATMPVC   PF_ATMPVC
#define AF_X25      PF_X25
#define AF_INET6    PF_INET6
#define AF_ROSE     PF_ROSE
#define AF_DECnet   PF_DECnet
#define AF_NETBEUI  PF_NETBEUI
#define AF_SECURITY PF_SECURITY
#define AF_KEY      PF_KEY
#define AF_NETLINK  PF_NETLINK
#define AF_ROUTE    PF_ROUTE
#define AF_PACKET   PF_PACKET
#define AF_ASH      PF_ASH
#define AF_ECONET   PF_ECONET
#define AF_ATMSVC   PF_ATMSVC
#define AF_SNA      PF_SNA
#define AF_IRDA     PF_IRDA
#define AF_PPPOX    PF_PPPOX
o   define  AF_WANPIPE  PF_WANPIPE
#define AF_BLUETOOTH    PF_BLUETOOTH
#define AF_MAX      PF_MAX

/* Socket level values.  Others are defined in the appropriate headers.

   XXX These definitions also should go into the appropriate headers as
   far as they are available.  */
#define SOL_RAW     255
#define SOL_DECNET      261
#define SOL_X25         262
#define SOL_PACKET  263
#define SOL_ATM     264 /* ATM layer (cell level).  */
#define SOL_AAL     265 /* ATM Adaption Layer (packet level).  */
#define SOL_IRDA    266

/* Maximum queue length specifiable by listen.  */
#define SOMAXCONN   128

/* Get the definition of the macro to define the common sockaddr members.  */
#include <bits/sockaddr.h>

/* Structure describing a generic socket address.  */
struct sockaddr
  {
    __SOCKADDR_COMMON (sa_);    /* Common data: address family and length.  */
    char sa_data[14];       /* Address data.  */
  };


/* Structure large enough to hold any socket address (with the historical
   exception of AF_UNIX).  We reserve 128 bytes.  */
#if ULONG_MAX > 0xffffffff
# define __ss_aligntype __uint64_t
#else
# define __ss_aligntype __uint32_t
#endif
#define _SS_SIZE    128
#define _SS_PADSIZE (_SS_SIZE - (2 * sizeof (__ss_aligntype)))

struct sockaddr_storage
  {
    __SOCKADDR_COMMON (ss_);    /* Address family, etc.  */
    __ss_aligntype __ss_align;  /* Force desired alignment.  */
    char __ss_padding[_SS_PADSIZE];
  };


/* Bits in the FLAGS argument to `send', `recv', et al.  */
enum
  {
    MSG_OOB     = 0x01, /* Process out-of-band data.  */
#define MSG_OOB     MSG_OOB
    MSG_PEEK        = 0x02, /* Peek at incoming messages.  */
#define MSG_PEEK    MSG_PEEK
    MSG_DONTROUTE   = 0x04, /* Don't use local routing.  */
#define MSG_DONTROUTE   MSG_DONTROUTE
#ifdef __USE_GNU
    /* DECnet uses a different name.  */
    MSG_TRYHARD     = MSG_DONTROUTE,
# define MSG_TRYHARD    MSG_DONTROUTE
#endif
    MSG_CTRUNC      = 0x08, /* Control data lost before delivery.  */
#define MSG_CTRUNC  MSG_CTRUNC
    MSG_PROXY       = 0x10, /* Supply or ask second address.  */
#define MSG_PROXY   MSG_PROXY
    MSG_TRUNC       = 0x20,
#define MSG_TRUNC   MSG_TRUNC
    MSG_DONTWAIT    = 0x40, /* Nonblocking IO.  */
#define MSG_DONTWAIT    MSG_DONTWAIT
    MSG_EOR     = 0x80, /* End of record.  */
#define MSG_EOR     MSG_EOR
    MSG_WAITALL     = 0x100, /* Wait for a full request.  */
#define MSG_WAITALL MSG_WAITALL
    MSG_FIN     = 0x200,
#define MSG_FIN     MSG_FIN
    MSG_SYN     = 0x400,
#define MSG_SYN     MSG_SYN
    MSG_CONFIRM     = 0x800, /* Confirm path validity.  */
#define MSG_CONFIRM MSG_CONFIRM
    MSG_RST     = 0x1000,
#define MSG_RST     MSG_RST
    MSG_ERRQUEUE    = 0x2000, /* Fetch message from error queue.  */
#define MSG_ERRQUEUE    MSG_ERRQUEUE
    MSG_NOSIGNAL    = 0x4000, /* Do not generate SIGPIPE.  */
#define MSG_NOSIGNAL    MSG_NOSIGNAL
    MSG_MORE        = 0x8000  /* Sender will send more.  */
#define MSG_MORE    MSG_MORE
  };


/* Structure describing messages sent by
   `sendmsg' and received by `recvmsg'.  */
struct msghdr
  {
    void *msg_name;     /* Address to send to/receive from.  */
    socklen_t msg_namelen;  /* Length of address data.  */

    struct iovec *msg_iov;  /* Vector of data to send/receive into.  */
    size_t msg_iovlen;      /* Number of elements in the vector.  */

    void *msg_control;      /* Ancillary data (eg BSD filedesc passing). */
    size_t msg_controllen;  /* Ancillary data buffer length.
                   !! The type should be socklen_t but the
                   definition of the kernel is incompatible
                   with this.  */

    int msg_flags;      /* Flags on received message.  */
  };

/* Structure used for storage of ancillary data object information.  */
struct cmsghdr
  {
    size_t cmsg_len;        /* Length of data in cmsg_data plus length
                   of cmsghdr structure.
                   !! The type should be socklen_t but the
                   definition of the kernel is incompatible
                   with this.  */
    int cmsg_level;     /* Originating protocol.  */
    int cmsg_type;      /* Protocol specific type.  */
#if (!defined __STRICT_ANSI__ && __GNUC__ >= 2) || __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
    __extension__ unsigned char __cmsg_data __flexarr; /* Ancillary data.  */
#endif
  };

/* Ancillary data object manipulation macros.  */
#if (!defined __STRICT_ANSI__ && __GNUC__ >= 2) || __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
# define CMSG_DATA(cmsg) ((cmsg)->__cmsg_data)
#else
# define CMSG_DATA(cmsg) ((unsigned char *) ((struct cmsghdr *) (cmsg) + 1))
#endif
#define CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cmsg) __cmsg_nxthdr (mhdr, cmsg)
#define CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr) \
  ((size_t) (mhdr)->msg_controllen >= sizeof (struct cmsghdr)             \
   ? (struct cmsghdr *) (mhdr)->msg_control : (struct cmsghdr *) NULL)
#define CMSG_ALIGN(len) (((len) + sizeof (size_t) - 1) \
             & (size_t) ~(sizeof (size_t) - 1))
#define CMSG_SPACE(len) (CMSG_ALIGN (len) \
             + CMSG_ALIGN (sizeof (struct cmsghdr)))
#define CMSG_LEN(len)   (CMSG_ALIGN (sizeof (struct cmsghdr)) + (len))

extern struct cmsghdr *__cmsg_nxthdr (struct msghdr *__mhdr,
                      struct cmsghdr *__cmsg) __THROW;
#ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
# ifndef _EXTERN_INLINE
#  define _EXTERN_INLINE extern __inline
# endif
_EXTERN_INLINE struct cmsghdr *
__NTH (__cmsg_nxthdr (struct msghdr *__mhdr, struct cmsghdr *__cmsg))
{
  if ((size_t) __cmsg->cmsg_len < sizeof (struct cmsghdr))
    /* The kernel header does this so there may be a reason.  */
    return 0;

  __cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *) ((unsigned char *) __cmsg
                   + CMSG_ALIGN (__cmsg->cmsg_len));
  if ((unsigned char *) (__cmsg + 1) > ((unsigned char *) __mhdr->msg_control
                    + __mhdr->msg_controllen)
      || ((unsigned char *) __cmsg + CMSG_ALIGN (__cmsg->cmsg_len)
      > ((unsigned char *) __mhdr->msg_control + __mhdr->msg_controllen)))
    /* No more entries.  */
    return 0;
  return __cmsg;
}
#endif  /* Use `extern inline'.  */

/* Socket level message types.  This must match the definitions in
   <linux/socket.h>.  */
enum
  {
    SCM_RIGHTS = 0x01       /* Transfer file descriptors.  */
#define SCM_RIGHTS SCM_RIGHTS
#ifdef __USE_BSD
    , SCM_CREDENTIALS = 0x02    /* Credentials passing.  */
# define SCM_CREDENTIALS SCM_CREDENTIALS
#endif
  };

/* User visible structure for SCM_CREDENTIALS message */

struct ucred
{
  pid_t pid;            /* PID of sending process.  */
  uid_t uid;            /* UID of sending process.  */
  gid_t gid;            /* GID of sending process.  */
};

/* Get socket manipulation related informations from kernel headers.  */
#include <asm/socket.h>


/* Structure used to manipulate the SO_LINGER option.  */
struct linger
  {
    int l_onoff;        /* Nonzero to linger on close.  */
    int l_linger;       /* Time to linger.  */
  };

#endif  /* bits/socket.h */

hacking.h

#include <stdlib.h>



//This function is used to display packet data by the server program.
void dump(const unsigned char *data_buffer, const unsigned int length){
   unsigned char byte;
   unsigned int i, j;
   for(i = 0; i < length; i++){
      byte = data_buffer[i];
      printf("%02x ", data_buffer[i]); //Display byte in hex
      if((( i % 16) == 15 ) || ( i == length - 1)) {
         for( j = 0; j < 15 - ( i % 16 ); j++ )
            printf("   ");
         printf("| ");
         for(j = ( i - ( i % 16 )); j <= i; j++) { //Display printable bytes from line.
            byte = data_buffer[j];
            if((byte > 31) && (byte < 127))//Outside printable char range
               printf("%c", byte);
            else
               printf(".");
         }
         printf("\n"); // End of the dump line (each line is 16 bytes)
      }//End if
   }//End for 
}



void fatal(char *message){
    char error_message[100];


    strcpy(error_message, "[!!] Fatal Error");
    strncat(error_message, message, 83);
    perror(error_message);
    exit(-1);
    }


 void *ec_malloc(unsigned int size){
    void *ptr;
    ptr = malloc(size);
    if(ptr== NULL)
        fatal("in ec_malloc() on memory allocation");

    return ptr;
}

in.h https://pastebin.com/RTjSdA2e

Answer 1

Ok. So the problem was in socket.h. Basically this line

o   define  AF_WANPIPE  PF_WANPIPE

needed to be changed to this

#define  AF_WANPIPE  PF_WANPIPE

Thanks David Wohlferd.

Answer 2

the contents of the hacking.h header file are not correct.

The contents should be the 'prototypes' for those functions and the actual functions should be in a separate .c file, probably named hacking.c

IE the contents of the hacking.h file should be:

#ifndef HACKING_H
#define HACKING_H



//This function is used to display packet data by the server program.
void dump(const unsigned char *data_buffer, const unsigned int length);

void fatal(char *message);

void *ec_malloc(unsigned int size);

#endif // HACKING_H

Notice the 'include only once' wrapper; consisting of the #ifndef , #define , and the trailing #endif statements

notice the file only contains the prototypes (it could also contain any other #define statements and/or data definitions and/or macro definitions, although in this case there are none.)

Then there should be a separate file hacking.c that contains the actual functions (and a statement: #include "hacking.h" )

in general, neither function bodies nor data declarations should be in a header file. (later on, you will learn of certain exceptions to this statement, like when declaring inline functions