带有海龟图形的Python花

Question

I'm working with turtle graphics in my programming class in high school and the project is to make a flower following some guidelines and functions the teacher has demonstrated. I completed that in an hour, now I'm trying to draw multiple flowers at one time using more turtle, But I can't get the turtles to use the newly defined functions and the teacher doesn't have time to meet with me one on one to discuss how I could do it

so after about a week of searching (for something I don't know how to ask properly much less look for) I'm going to my favourite question site. so if someone can help me or at least point me in the right direction I would greatly appreciate it.

   import turtle

tod = turtle.Turtle
tina = turtle.Turtle
tony = turtle.Turtle
trixie = turtle.Turtle
tron = turtle.Turtle


def petal():
    for i in range(90):
        self.start = self.pos()
        self.fd(1)
        self.rt(1)
    self.rt(90)
    for i in range(90):
        self.fd(1)
        self.rt(1)

def stem(self):
    self.pencolor('green')
    self.fd(220)

def flowerhead(self):
    for i in range(9):
      begin_fill()
      petal()
      self.lt(230)
      end_fill()

def stempetal(self):
    self.seth(90)
    self.rt(15)
    fillcolor('green')
    begin_fill()
    petal()
    end_fill()

def flower1(self):
    flowerhead()
    stem()
    stempetal()

def flower2(self):
    flowerhead()
    self.stem()


tod.flower()

running that gives the error

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\first.last\Desktop\programming\trig class\testflowerclass.py", line 49, in <module>
    tod.flower()
AttributeError: type object 'Turtle' has no attribute 'flower'

Answer 1

The area of (python) programming you are working with, but without any familiarity appears to be classes, instances and inheritance. There's what appears to be an entry-level tutorial on classes here: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/A_Beginner%27s_Python_Tutorial/Classes

It seems quite mean to having an assignment on this topic without having had it introduced first.

You probably need to be structuring your code along the lines of:

from turtle import Turtle

class MyTurtle(Turtle):
    def my_method(self):
        self.method_defined_in_turtle()
        self.other_method_defined_in_turtle()

todd = MyTurtle()
todd.my_method()