Android - Fragment 位于 Activity 的 Buttons 后面

Question

So I have an activity with 2 empty ListView's and 3 Buttons. The "Hinzufügen" Button (seen in Screenshot) should load a Fragment into a Framelayout (used as Container) to lay over all components (ListView's and Buttons) from the activity. But I don't know why it lays behind all of them (can't click the Button of the Fragment because it's behind an empty ListView).

Screenshot without Fragment started: https://abload.de/img/dqwdwqemuhi.jpeg

Screenshot with Fragment started: https://abload.de/img/fewqfewp7u0b.jpeg

If I get the container with

View view = findViewById(R.id.container);

and then use

view.bringtToFront();

the Buttons from the activity are still shown but the ListView's are in the background (can click the button from the fragment now).

How do I get the buttons from the activity in the background so that the fragment lays over the whole activity and its components?

Activity XML:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="superhelden.com.superheldenuebersichtsapp.Activities.DeckOverview">

<FrameLayout
    android:id="@+id/addCardsContainer"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"
    android:layout_marginRight="20dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent">

</FrameLayout>

<android.support.constraint.Guideline
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:id="@+id/guideline3"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.65"
    tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="332dp"
    tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="0dp" />

<android.support.constraint.Guideline
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:id="@+id/guideline4"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.4"
    tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="0dp"
    tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="154dp" />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/addCards"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
    android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
    android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
    android:text="@string/addCards"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@+id/guideline4"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline3"
    android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent" />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/removeCards"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
    android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
    android:text="@string/removeCards"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline5"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@+id/guideline4"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/addCards"
    android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
    android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" />

<Button
    android:id="@+id/endGame"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
    android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
    android:text="@string/endGame"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@+id/guideline4"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline5"
    android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
    android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" />

<android.support.constraint.Guideline
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:id="@+id/guideline5"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.88"
    tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="450dp"
    tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="0dp" />

<ListView
    android:id="@+id/amountOfTypesList"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="@+id/guideline4"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline3"
    android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
    android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
    android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" />

<ListView
    android:id="@+id/deckList"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
    android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
    android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
    android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
    android:divider="#000"
    android:dividerHeight="0.5dp"
    android:scrollbars="horizontal"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline3"
    app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.0" />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

Activity Java:

public class DeckOverview extends AppCompatActivity {

FragmentManager fragmentManager;
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction;
Button addCardsButton;
Button removeCardsButton;
Button endGameButton;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_deck_overview);
    addCardsButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.addCards);
    addCardsButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
            fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
            fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.addCardsContainer, new addCards());
            fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack("addCards");
            fragmentTransaction.commit();
        }
    });
    removeCardsButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.removeCards);
    removeCardsButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            //TODO: Karten aus Tabelle in der DB entfernen
        }
    });
    endGameButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.endGame);
    endGameButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), EndScreen.class);
            startActivity(intent);
            finish();
        }
    });
}

}

Fragment XML:

<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@color/colorAccent"
tools:context="superhelden.com.superheldenuebersichtsapp.Fragments.addCards">

<ListView
    android:id="@+id/allCardsList"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"

    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline7"
    app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@+id/guideline6"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline10"

    style="@style/Margin_And_Divider_Style"/>

<ListView
    android:id="@+id/selectedCardsList"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"

    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline7"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="@+id/guideline6"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline10"

    style="@style/Margin_And_Divider_Style"/>

<Button
    android:id="@+id/doneButtonAddCards"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
    android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
    android:text="@string/done"
    android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
    android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"

    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline7"
    app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.571" />

<android.support.constraint.Guideline
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:id="@+id/guideline6"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.5"
    tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="0dp"
    tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="180dp" />

<android.support.constraint.Guideline
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:id="@+id/guideline7"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.86"
    tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="439dp"
    tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="0dp" />

<android.support.constraint.Guideline
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:id="@+id/guideline10"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.1"
    tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="51dp"
    tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="0dp" />

<SearchView
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
    android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
    android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
    android:id="@+id/searchView"

    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline10"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

Fragment Java:

List<Card> allCardsList;
ListView allCardsListView;

View addCards;

public addCards() {
    // Required empty public constructor
}


@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    // Inflate the layout for this fragment
    allCardsList = DbClass.getInstance(getActivity()).getAllCards();
    allCardsListView = (ListView) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.allCardsList);

    Toast.makeText(getActivity(), allCardsList.get(0).getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    addCards = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_add_cards, container, false);

    return addCards;
}

Answer 1

move addCardsContainer to the bottom of your Activity XML (last child of ConstraintLayout ). Drawing is always in order of positioning in inflated layout file. bringToFront is not for this case

    ...
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/addCardsContainer"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_margin="20dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"/>
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

because of margin you may still see a fragment of your buttons in layer below. you can replace layout_margin with padding and set some background for cover

        android:padding="20dp"
        android:background="#000000"