如何在多个部分中提取和拆分字符串

Question

I would like to search and split different files in a directory based on some pattern which may contain different file formats:

/path/


somefile.txt 2010-01-01
file.txt 2010-01-02
f.txt 2010-01-03
test.txt 2010-01-04
photo.jpg 2010-01-04
script.py  2010-01-05

In order to get:

somefile.txt 
file.txt 
f.txt 
test.txt 

Here first I would like to catch all files which contains .txt and split them accordingly:

def catch_txt(path):
    result = [os.path.join(path, f) for f in os.listdir(path) if 
re.search(r"\w+\.\w+\txt", f)]
    splitted_result = [files for files in result if 
re.split(r"\w+\.\w+\txt", f)]
    # some other stuff
    return splitted_result

But only gives a emtpy list.

Answer 1

您可以使用列表推导来获取.txt：

res = [ i.split(" ")[0] for i in os.listdir(path) if '.txt' in i ]

Answer 2

Your pattern:

r"\w+\.\w+\txt"

looks for:

1. A word character, one or more times, followed by...
2. A literal dot, followed by...
3. A word character one or more times, followed by...
4. A tab character, followed by...
5. The literal characters 'xt'.

So your pattern will match filenames like:

 hello.a    xt

If you want to match filenames like:

hello.txt

then you need to use a pattern like:

r"\w+\.txt"

Answer 3

Here's a solution without using re . Assuming your list of filetypes is short, you can just create a list for each filetype

import os 

files = [f for f in os.listdir('.') if os.path.isfile(f)]
txt_files = [] #create additional lists/loops for each filetype
for file in files:
        if file.endswith('.txt'):
            txt_files.append(file)
print (txt_files)