如何停止使用@Scheduled 注释启动的计划任务？

Question

I have created a simple scheduled task using Spring Framework's @Scheduled annotation.

 @Scheduled(fixedRate = 2000)
 public void doSomething() {}

Now I want to stop this task, when no longer needed.

I know there could be one alternative to check one conditional flag at the start of this method, but this will not stop execution of this method.

Is there anything Spring provides to stop @Scheduled task?

Answer 1

Option 1: Using a post processor

Supply ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor and explicitly invoke postProcessBeforeDestruction(Object bean, String beanName) , for the bean whose scheduling should be stopped.

Option 2: Maintaining a map of target beans to its Future

private final Map<Object, ScheduledFuture<?>> scheduledTasks =
        new IdentityHashMap<>();

@Scheduled(fixedRate = 2000)
public void fixedRateJob() {
    System.out.println("Something to be done every 2 secs");
}

@Bean
public TaskScheduler poolScheduler() {
    return new CustomTaskScheduler();
}

class CustomTaskScheduler extends ThreadPoolTaskScheduler {

    @Override
    public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable task, long period) {
        ScheduledFuture<?> future = super.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, period);

        ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) task;
        scheduledTasks.put(runnable.getTarget(), future);

        return future;
    }

    @Override
    public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable task, Date startTime, long period) {
        ScheduledFuture<?> future = super.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, startTime, period);

        ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) task;
        scheduledTasks.put(runnable.getTarget(), future);

        return future;
    }
}

When the scheduling for a bean has to be stopped, you can lookup the map to get the corresponding Future to it and explicitly cancel it.

Answer 2

Here is an example where we can stop , start , and list also all the scheduled running tasks:

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {

private static final String SCHEDULED_TASKS = "scheduledTasks";

@Autowired
private ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor postProcessor;

@Autowired
private ScheduledTasks scheduledTasks;

@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

@GetMapping(value = "/stopScheduler")
public String stopSchedule(){
    postProcessor.postProcessBeforeDestruction(scheduledTasks, SCHEDULED_TASKS);
    return "OK";
}

@GetMapping(value = "/startScheduler")
public String startSchedule(){
    postProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization(scheduledTasks, SCHEDULED_TASKS);
    return "OK";
}

@GetMapping(value = "/listScheduler")
public String listSchedules() throws JsonProcessingException{
    Set<ScheduledTask> setTasks = postProcessor.getScheduledTasks();
    if(!setTasks.isEmpty()){
        return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(setTasks);
    }else{
        return "No running tasks !";
    }
 }
}

Answer 3

Some time ago I had this requirement in my project that any component should be able to create a new scheduled task or to stop the scheduler (all tasks). So I did something like this

@Configuration
@EnableScheduling
@ComponentScan
@Component
public class CentralScheduler {

    private static AnnotationConfigApplicationContext CONTEXT = null;

    @Autowired
    private ThreadPoolTaskScheduler scheduler;

    public static CentralScheduler getInstance() {
        if (!isValidBean()) {
            CONTEXT = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(CentralScheduler.class);
        }

        return CONTEXT.getBean(CentralScheduler.class);
    }

    @Bean
    public ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler() {
        return new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler();
    }

    public void start(Runnable task, String scheduleExpression) throws Exception {
        scheduler.schedule(task, new CronTrigger(scheduleExpression));
    }

    public void start(Runnable task, Long delay) throws Exception {
        scheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(task, delay);
    }

    public void stopAll() {
        scheduler.shutdown();
        CONTEXT.close();
    }

    private static boolean isValidBean() {
        if (CONTEXT == null || !CONTEXT.isActive()) {
            return false;
        }

        try {
            CONTEXT.getBean(CentralScheduler.class);
        } catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }
}

So I can do things like

Runnable task = new MyTask();
CentralScheduler.getInstance().start(task, 30_000L);
CentralScheduler.getInstance().stopAll();

Have in mind that, for some reasons, I did it without having to worry about concurrency. There should be some synchronization otherwise.

Answer 4

There is a bit of ambiguity in this question

1. When you say "stop this task", did you mean to stop in such a way that it's later recoverable (if yes, programmatically, using a condition which arises with in the same app? or external condition?)
2. Are you running any other tasks in the same context? (Possibility of shutting down the entire app rather than a task) -- You can make use of actuator.shutdown endpoint in this scenario

My best guess is, you are looking to shutdown a task using a condition that may arise with in the same app, in a recoverable fashion. I will try to answer based on this assumption.

This is the simplest possible solution that I can think of, However I will make some improvements like early return rather than nested if s

@Component
public class SomeScheduledJob implements Job {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SomeScheduledJob.class);

    @Value("${jobs.mediafiles.imagesPurgeJob.enable}")
    private boolean imagesPurgeJobEnable;

    @Override
    @Scheduled(cron = "${jobs.mediafiles.imagesPurgeJob.schedule}")
    public void execute() {

        if(!imagesPurgeJobEnable){
            return;
        }
        Do your conditional job here...
   }

Properties for the above code

jobs.mediafiles.imagesPurgeJob.enable=true or false
jobs.mediafiles.imagesPurgeJob.schedule=0 0 0/12 * * ?

Answer 5

A working example implementation of @Mahesh 's Option 1, using ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeDestruction(bean, beanName) .

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor;


public class ScheduledTaskExample implements ApplicationContextAware, BeanNameAware
{

    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    private String             beanName;

    @Scheduled(fixedDelay = 1000)
    public void someTask()
    {
        /* Do stuff */

        if (stopScheduledTaskCondition)
        {
            stopScheduledTask();
        }
    }

    private void stopScheduledTask()
    {
        ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor bean = applicationContext.getBean(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
        bean.postProcessBeforeDestruction(this, beanName);
    }

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)
    {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }

    @Override
    public void setBeanName(String beanName)
    {
        this.beanName = beanName;
    }
}

Answer 6

Another approach that I have not found yet. Simple, clear and thread safe.

1. In your configuration class add annotation:

   @EnableScheduling

2. This and next step in your class where you need start/stop scheduled task inject:

   @Autowired TaskScheduler taskScheduler;

3. Set fields:

    private ScheduledFuture yourTaskState; private long fixedRate = 1000L;

4. Create inner class that execute scheduled tasks eg.:

    class ScheduledTaskExecutor implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { // task to be executed } }

5. Add start() method:

    public void start(){ yourTaskState = taskScheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(new ScheduledTaskExecutor(), fixedRate); }

6. Add stop() method:

    public void stop(){ yourTaskState.cancel(false); }

TaskScheduler provide other common way for scheduling like: cron or delay.

ScheduledFuture provide also isCancelled();

Answer 7

Scheduled

When spring process Scheduled , it will iterate each method annotated this annotation and organize tasks by beans as the following source shows:

private final Map<Object, Set<ScheduledTask>> scheduledTasks =
        new IdentityHashMap<Object, Set<ScheduledTask>>(16);

Cancel

If you just want to cancel the a repeated scheduled task, you can just do like following (here is a runnable demo in my repo):

@Autowired
private ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor postProcessor;
@Autowired
private TestSchedule testSchedule;

public void later() {
    postProcessor.postProcessBeforeDestruction(test, "testSchedule");
}

Notice

It will find this beans's ScheduledTask and cancel it one by one. What should be noticed is it will also stopping the current running method (as postProcessBeforeDestruction source shows).

    synchronized (this.scheduledTasks) {
        tasks = this.scheduledTasks.remove(bean); // remove from future running
    }
    if (tasks != null) {
        for (ScheduledTask task : tasks) {
            task.cancel(); // cancel current running method
        }
    }

Answer 8

Minimalist answer:
@mahesh's option 1, expanded here in minimal form for convenience, will irreversibly cancel all scheduled tasks on this bean:

@Autowired
private ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor postProcessor;

@Scheduled(fixedRate = 2000)
public void doSomething() {}

public void stopThis() {
    postProcessBeforeDestruction(this, "")
}

Alternatively, this will irreversibly cancel all tasks on all beans:

@Autowired
private ThreadPoolTaskScheduler scheduler;

@Scheduled(fixedRate = 2000)
public void doSomething() {}

public void stopAll() {
    scheduler.shutdown();
}

Thanks, all the previous responders, for solving this one for me.

Answer 9

Define a custom annotation like below.

@Documented
@Retention (RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface ScheduledSwitch {
    // do nothing
}

Define a class implements org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.

public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorCustom 
    extends ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor {

    @Value(value = "${prevent.scheduled.tasks:false}")
    private boolean preventScheduledTasks;

    private Map<Object, String> beans = new HashMap<>();

    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) {
        ScheduledSwitch switch = AopProxyUtils.ultimateTargetClass(bean)
            .getAnnotation(ScheduledSwitch.class);
        if (null != switch) {
            beans.put(bean, beanName);
            if (preventScheduledTasks) {
                return bean;
            }
        }
        return super.postProcessAfterInitialization(bean, beanName);
    }

    public void stop() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            for (Map.Entry<Object, String> entry : beans.entrySet()) {
                postProcessBeforeDestruction(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void start() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            for (Map.Entry<Object, String> entry : beans.entrySet()) {
                if (!requiresDestruction(entry.getKey())) {
                    super.postProcessAfterInitialization(
                        entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
                }
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

}

Replace ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor bean by the custom bean in configuration.

@Configuration
public class ScheduledConfig {

    @Bean(name = TaskManagementConfigUtils.SCHEDULED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)
    @Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
    public ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor scheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {
        return new ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorCustom();
    }

}

Add @ScheduledSwitch annotation to the beans that you want to prevent or stop @Scheduled tasks.

Answer 10

Using @conditional<\/code> will help you check a value from condition method, if it's true? run the scheduler. else don't run.

public class MyCondition implements Condition{

public boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetaData metadata) {

// here implement your condition using if-else or checking another object 
// or call another method that can return boolean value
//return boolean value : true or false 

return true;
}
}

Answer 11

import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import org.redisson.liveobject.misc.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.scheduling.config.CronTask;
import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTask;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import static java.util.Collections.emptySet;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import org.redisson.liveobject.misc.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.scheduling.config.CronTask;
import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTask;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import static java.util.Collections.emptySet;

/**
 * @author uhfun
 */
@Component
public class ConfigurableScheduler {
    private final InnerScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor postProcessor;

    public ConfigurableScheduler(InnerScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor postProcessor) {
        this.postProcessor = postProcessor;
    }

    public void registerScheduleTask(String cron, Method method, Object target) {
        Map<String, Object> attributes = Maps.newHashMap();
        attributes.put("cron", cron);
        Scheduled scheduled = AnnotationUtils.synthesizeAnnotation(attributes, Scheduled.class, null);
        postProcessor.registerScheduleTask(scheduled, method, target);
    }

    public void unregister(String cron, Object target) {
        postProcessor.unregister(target, cron);
    }

    @Component
    public static class InnerScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor extends ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor {

        private final Map<Object, Set<ScheduledTask>> scheduledTasksMap;

        public InnerScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {
            scheduledTasksMap = ClassUtils.getField(this, "scheduledTasks");
        }

        public void registerScheduleTask(Scheduled scheduled, Method method, Object bean) {
            super.processScheduled(scheduled, method, bean);
        }

        public void unregister(Object bean, String cron) {
            synchronized (scheduledTasksMap) {
                Set<ScheduledTask> tasks = getScheduledTasks();
                for (ScheduledTask task : tasks) {
                    if (task.getTask() instanceof CronTask
                            && ((CronTask) task.getTask()).getExpression().equals(cron)) {
                        task.cancel();
                        scheduledTasksMap.getOrDefault(bean, emptySet()).remove(task);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 12

How about using System.exit(1) ? It is simple and works.