心理学：同时创建多个线对象

Question

My code here works, but my current method is very inefficient and time consuming. I'm generating 4 Cartesian coordinates and appending them to a list. I'm then creating 4 Psychopy line objects (visual.Line) and assigning each object an x,y coordinate from my coordinates list (zdot_list). Currently, I'm creating 4 lines objects one after the other, and assigning an xy position to each 'start' parameter.

from psychopy import visual, core, event, sound
import random
import math

win = visual.Window([800,600],color=(0,0,0), colorSpace='rgb', rgb=None, allowGUI=True, monitor='testMonitor', units='deg', fullscr=True, screen=2)

# input polar, output cartesian coords
def pol_to_cart(distance, angle, x_origin=0, y_origin=0):

    x=distance*math.cos(math.radians(angle))
    y=distance*math.sin(math.radians(angle))

    return x +x_origin, y + y_origin


zdots = 4
zdot_list = []
j=(-8)

# generate 4 xy coordinates and append to list
for i in range(zdots):

    angle=0

    line_cart = pol_to_cart(j, angle)
    dotx = line_cart[0]
    doty = line_cart[1]
    zdot_list.append([dotx, doty])

    j += .2

# generate 4 lines, add xy coordinate (from list^) to 'start' argument of each
linea = visual.Line(win, start=(zdot_list[0]), end=(4,0), lineColor="white")
lineb = visual.Line(win, start=(zdot_list[1]), end=(4,0), lineColor="white")
linec = visual.Line(win, start=(zdot_list[2]), end=(4,0), lineColor="white")
lined = visual.Line(win, start=(zdot_list[3]), end=(4,0), lineColor="white")

lines = [linea, lineb, linec, lined]

# display lines
for line in lines:
    line.draw()
    win.flip()
    core.wait(3)
    win.close()

Is there a more efficient way to create line (or any shape) objects using a loop? I'd like to auto-generate the objects I need, adding my xy coordinate to each objects 'start' argument respectively. There are only 4 line objects in the image, but in reality I will need 80+, each with a different xy start coordinate.

Cheers, Jon

Answer 1

You can try and explore Polygon from visual module. Sample of Polygon usage below

from psychopy import visual, core, event, sound
win = visual.Window([680,480],color=(0,0,0), colorSpace='rgb', rgb=None, allowGUI=True, monitor='testMonitor', units='deg', fullscr=False, screen=2)
pgon = visual.Polygon(win, edges=4)
pgon.draw()
win.flip()

You can explore vertices and other options by going through psychophy documentation.

An optimisation to your code would be:

zdots=40
zdot_list = []

for i in range(zdots):
    angle=0
    line_cart = pol_to_cart(j, angle)
    zdot_list.append(visual.Line(win, start=([line_cart[0], line_cart[1]]), end=(4,0), lineColor="white"))
    j += .2

for i in zdot_list:
    i.draw()

win.flip()
core.wait(3)
win.close()

Answer 2

With 4 lines the suggested solution is fine. With more lines in the array you should use ElementArrayStim for more efficient drawing of large numbers of objects. This was originally designed for drawing bitmap textures, but if you set the size parameter to be long and thin, and set texture to nothing, then you effectively get a line. See the code here for an example:

https://github.com/psychopy/psychopy/issues/1350

So, for scaling up to 80+ lines you should go that route.