Django 中的多字段外键

Question

I have two models in django with definitions below. CreativeStatus model :

class RtbdCreativeStatus(models.Model):
    creative_id = models.CharField(max_length=500, primary_key=True)
    advertiser_id = models.CharField(max_length=100, primary_key=True)
    exposure_level = models.CharField(max_length=125)
    modified_on = models.DateTimeField()
    modified_by = models.CharField(max_length=100)


class RtbdCreative(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    advertiser_id = models.ForeignKey(RtbdCreativeStatus, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    creative_id = models.ForeignKey(RtbdCreativeStatus, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    country_id = models.IntegerField()
    adm = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=True, blank=True)
    sample_url = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    landing_page = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    html = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    creative_attributes = models.CommaSeparatedIntegerField(max_length=150, null=True, blank=True)
    advertiser_domains = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    created_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, auto_now_add=True)
    creative_type = models.CharField(max_length=50, null=True, blank=True)
    demand_source_type_id = models.IntegerField()
    revalidate = models.BooleanField(default=False)

(creative_id, advertiser_id ) combination is unique in my CreativeStatus table . I want that combination to be my foreign key for Creative table. I tried adding it but i get this error .

1)How do i achieve this join with two key combination as my foreign key .

2)What should be my query to fetch all the creatives with their status from CreativeStatus table .

UPDATE 1

on reading the answers below , i updated my model as mentioned below :

class RtbdCreative(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    advertiser_id = models.ForeignKey(RtbdCreativeStatus, to_field='advertiser_id', related_name='advertiser', db_column='advertiser_id', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    creative_id = models.ForeignKey(RtbdCreativeStatus, to_field='creative_id', related_name='creative', db_column='creative_id', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    country_id = models.IntegerField()
    adm = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=True, blank=True)
    sample_url = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    landing_page = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    html = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    creative_attributes = models.CommaSeparatedIntegerField(max_length=150, null=True, blank=True)
    advertiser_domains = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    created_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, auto_now_add=True)
    creative_type = models.CharField(max_length=50, null=True, blank=True)
    demand_source_type_id = models.IntegerField()
    revalidate = models.BooleanField(default=False)

Now i am getting this error . I have combination of advertiser_id , craetive_id as unique . But django expects both to be unique. What can i do to make it work ?

Answer 1

I just saw a parameter as to_fields for models.ForeignObject , superclass of models.ForeignKey . It might be used in this case for defining foreign key for composite primary key or unique keys.

    advertiser_creative_id = models.ForeignObject(RtbdCreativeStatus, to_fields=['advertiser_id', 'creative_id'], related_name='abc', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

There is a from_fields parameter as well. It can be used to map the fields with to_fields . Refer https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/_modules/django/db/models/fields/related/

Answer 2

As mentioned in ERRROS, you need to add related_name as argument, when you want to add more than one foreign key for same Model.

class Creative(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    advertiser_id = models.ForeignKey(RtbdCreativeStatus,
                                      related_name="Advertiser", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    creative_id = models.ForeignKey(RtbdCreativeStatus,
                                    related_name="Creative",
                                    on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    country_id = models.IntegerField()
    adm = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=True, blank=True)
    sample_url = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    landing_page = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    html = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    creative_attributes = models.CommaSeparatedIntegerField(
        max_length=150, null=True, blank=True)
    advertiser_domains = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    created_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, auto_now_add=True)
    creative_type = models.CharField(max_length=50, null=True, blank=True)
    demand_source_type_id = models.IntegerField()
    revalidate = models.BooleanField(default=False)

Answer 3

When you add multiple ForeignKeys towards same table, you should override the related_name option of your fields, so that the fields could be distinguished easily.

You could implement a custom validation for checking uniqueness of the creative_id and advertiser_id ,

class Creative(models.Model):
    advertiser_id = models.ForeignKey(CreativeStatus,
                                  related_name="advertisers")
    creative_id = models.ForeignKey(CreativeStatus,
                                related_name="creatives")

    def clean(self):
        data = self.cleaned_data
        if not data['advertiser_id'] == data['creative_id']:
            raise ValidationError("Unique Constraint failed {}, {}".format(self.advertiser_id, self.creative_id))
        return data

You could query your creatives from CreativeStatus using the related name.

creative_status_obj = CreativeStatus.objects.get(pk=some_pk)#or any query.
#All creatives of the given object can be queried using reverse relation.
creatives = creative_status_obj.creatives.all()