导入、读取和添加到保存在文本文件中的列表的最佳方法是什么？

Question

我如何在 Python 中调用外部 .txt 文件中的列表并能够在我的代码中使用它并添加到其中？

Answer 1

There are many ways to do this. Here is one very simple way (for pure demo purposes):

(within the same directory, create two files)

File 1: mydata.py - this store the "external list"

dummy = [1, 2, 3]

File 2: main_program.py - this import the "external list" and print it

from mydata import dummy
print(dummy)
# print out [1, 2, 3]

Then just run the python code like this:

python main_program.py

Reference: Importing variables from another file

Answer 2

It isn't clear what you mean when you say external list, so I'm going to assume that you mean data stored in a text file. To read from a file, use Python's file methods. If you want to read the entire contents of the file, use the read method of the file object.

f = open("mylist.txt", "r")
contents = f.read()
f.close()

With a list, however, it may be useful to read the file one line at a time. In this case, you can either use the readline method

f = open("mylist.txt", "r")
line1 = f.readline()
line2 = f.readline()
f.close()

or loop over the file object

f = open("mylist.txt", "r")
for line in f:
    #do something with line
f.close()

To modify the file, open the file in write or append mode and write to it.

f = open("mylist.txt", "w") #Overwrites any data in the file
f.write("foo\n")
f.write("bar\n")
f.close()

f = open("mylist.txt", "a") #Preserves and adds to data in the file
f.write("foo\n")
f.write("bar\n")
f.close()