如何仅更新MongoDB数据库中对象的某些属性

Question

My code below doesn't allow the API user to update only one field by passing one request property. I can remove the null at userObj , but the UI developer will have to pass existing data from the database to do an update, which is not the best practice.

Here is my Express route:

router.put('/user', (req, res) => {
  const userObj = {
    name: req.body.name || null,
    location: {
      city: req.body.city || null
      },
      phone: req.body.phone || null
    };

  User.updateUser(req.body.id, userObj)
});

Here is my Mongoose model's updateUser function:

module.exports.updateUser = (_id, userObj, callback) => {
  User.findOneAndUpdate({_id}, userObj, { upsert: true, 'new': true }, callback);
}

Answer 1

First, to address your issue with updating only a few certain properties, you have to use the $set operator to set only a certain field. When you pass userObj directly to findOneAndUpdate you reset the whole object thus you have to pass all the existing properties. Use $set :

User.findOneAndUpdate({_id}, { $set: userObj }, { upsert: true, new: true }, callback);

This will update only the properties defined in userObj to their new values and touch nothing else. Also, you could just use findByIdAndUpdate for this very use-case:

User.findByIdAndUpdate(_id, { $set: userObj }, { upsert: true, new: true }, callback);

Next, you shouldn't be using PUT. Use PATCH. PUT implies putting a resource at some URL, and replacing it entirely if it already exists. PATCH means you update only a few properties of a resource, and does replace the whole thing. This won't affect the app's functionality, but it's a huge semantics issue and end-user issue as they'd expect PATCH.

Answer 2

使用$ set

User.findOneAndUpdate({_id}, {$set: userObj}, /* ... */)