将打字稿字符串文字类型转换为字符串数组

Question

I have

type ImageVerticalSpacing = 'ignoreBottom' | 'ignoreTop' | 'ignoreBoth' 
| 'Default';

in typescript and need to pass those strings as an array of strings to a dropdown. How can I convert type ImageVerticalSpacing to an array of strings?

Answer 1

You can't convert types in TypeScript to values at runtime. But you can do the reverse: create a runtime object and have TypeScript infer its type.

The ideal runtime object for this purpose would be a tuple . Unfortunately, TypeScript doesn't infer tuples that well by itself. I use a helper function called tuple() which returns tuple types.

UPDATE: 2018-12, since TypeScript 3.0 the tuple() function can be written like this:

type Narrowable = string | number | boolean | symbol | 
  object | {} | void | null | undefined;
const tuple = <T extends Narrowable[]>(...args: T)=>args;

Using the above helper function, you can do this:

const imageVerticalSpacing = tuple('ignoreBottom','ignoreTop','ignoreBoth','Default');

type ImageVerticalSpacing = (typeof imageVerticalSpacing)[number];

The imageVerticalSpacing object is an array of strings you can use for your dropdown, of type ['ignoreBottom','ignoreTop','ignoreBoth','Default'] . And the type ImageVerticalSpacing is the same 'ignoreBottom' | 'ignoreTop' | 'ignoreBoth' | 'Default' 'ignoreBottom' | 'ignoreTop' | 'ignoreBoth' | 'Default' 'ignoreBottom' | 'ignoreTop' | 'ignoreBoth' | 'Default' as you declared.

(See it in action on The Playground )

Hope that helps. Good luck!

Answer 2

TypeScript interfaces or type aliases don't exist at runtime. So you cannot use the values from them at runtime. You can try using an enum:

enum ImageVerticalSpacing  {
    ignoreBottom,
    ignoreTop,
    ignoreBoth,
    Default
}

Object.keys(ImageVerticalSpacing).filter(k => isNaN(k as any)) // The filter is to filter out the index keys that TypeScript generates. See the generated JS code
// ["ignoreBottom", "ignoreTop", "ignoreBoth", "Default"]

Playground link

Answer 3

Building on top of jcal's answer and reiterating: "You can't convert types in TypeScript to values at runtime. But you can do the reverse: create a runtime object and have TypeScript infer its type." There is a great blog post by @steve-holgado to use const assertions for this purpose: https://steveholgado.com/typescript-types-from-arrays/

With typescript's const assertions (TypeScript 3.4+) you can do:

const animals = ['cat', 'dog', 'mouse'] as const
type Animal = typeof animals[number]

// type Animal = 'cat' | 'dog' | 'mouse'

So the question's code would look like:

const imageVerticalSpacing = ['ignoreBottom', 'ignoreTop', 'ignoreBoth', 'Default'];
type ImageVerticalSpacing = typeof imageVerticalSpacing[number];