不同类别中的不同类型的数据

Question

public class Node
{
    Node next, child;
    String data;

    Node()
    {
        this(null);
    }

    Node(String s)
    {
        data = s;
        next = child = null;
    }

    Node get(int n)
    {
        Node x = this;
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
            x = x.next;
        return x;
    }

    int length()
    {
        int l;
        Node x = this;
        for(l=0; x!=null; l++)
            x = x.next;
        return l;
    }

    void concat(Node b)
    {
        Node a = this.get(this.length() - 1);
        a.next = b;
    }

    void traverse()
    {
        Node x = this;
        while(x!=null)
        {
            System.out.println(x.data);
            x = x.next;
        }
    }
}

class IntegerNode extends Node
{
    int data;

    IntegerNode(int x)
    {
        super();
        data = x;
    }
}

Is there any way I can have different types of data in the two classes so that I can use the IntegerNode class with numbers and the Node class with Strings?

Example:

public class Test
{
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        IntegerNode x = new IntegerNode(9);
        IntegerNode y = new IntegerNode(10);
        x.concat(y);
        x.concat(new Node("End"));
        x.traverse();
    }
}

Right now, this is the output I'm getting: null null End

Any explanation would help. Thank you in advance.

Answer 1

The default way would be to use generics .

Like:

public class Node <T> {
  private final T data;

  public Node(T data) { this.data = data; }

to then use like:

Node<Integer> intNode = new Node<>(5);
Node<String> stringNode = new Node<>("five");

Please note: the above is how you solve such problems in Java. Using inheritance here would a rather wrong approach. Unless you would really find a good reason to be able to concat() nodes with different data. As my solution fully "separates" a Node<Integer> form a Node<String> . And yes, that means that users could create Node<Whatever> objects at any time.

Thus: if you really want only Integer and String data nodes - then you would actually do the following:

• make the base Node class hold data as Object
• make the base class abstract
• create two specific subclasses for Integer/String, as outlined in the other answer

But the question would be: what happens when you decide next week that you want Float and Double, too. And maybe Dates? Then you would have to create new subclasses each time. Leading to a lot of duplicated code.

So the real answer here: really think your requirements through. Understand what is exactly that you want to build. And then see which path you should take.