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Docker容器中的Alpine linux =>`env：无法执行'node'：没有这样的文件或目录`

[英]Alpine linux in Docker container => `env: can't execute 'node': No such file or directory`

 原文  2017-08-31 04:57:32  2   2    node.js/ docker/ alpine

问题描述

I am installing Node.js version 8 in an Alpine linux container like so: 我在一个Alpine linux容器中安装Node.js版本8，如下所示： 

RUN apk add --no-cache wget

RUN wget http://nodejs.org/dist/v8.1.1/node-v8.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz
RUN sudo tar -C /usr/local --strip-components 1 -xzf node-v8.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz

RUN ls -l /usr/local/bin/node
RUN ls -l /usr/local/bin/npm

RUN ln -s /usr/local/bin/node /usr/bin/node
RUN ln -s /usr/local/bin/npm /usr/bin/npm

ENV PATH "/usr/local/bin:${PATH}"
RUN echo "PATH env variable => '$PATH'"

/usr/local/bin/node and /usr/local/bin/npm exist, and npm somehow is indeed recognized at the command line. /usr/local/bin/node和/usr/local/bin/npm存在，并且在某种程度上npm确实在命令行中被识别。 But for the node executable, I get this error: 但对于节点可执行文件，我收到此错误： 

Step 23/53 : RUN npm cache clean -f
 ---> Running in 8bbc96b88935
env: can't execute 'node': No such file or directory

I can confirm that the $PATH variable includes both 我可以确认$ PATH变量包括两者 

/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin

eg: 例如： 

Step 19/53 : RUN echo "PATH env variable => '$PATH'"
 ---> Running in c5227e6e3db0
PATH env variable => '/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin'

so why can't env find the node executable? 所以为什么不能env找到节点可执行文件？ So weird. 太奇怪了。

Here is a clue: 这是一个线索： 

Step 10/52 : RUN ldd /usr/local/bin/node
 ---> Running in db210653f0ed
        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fefae36b000)
        libdl.so.2 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fefae36b000)
        librt.so.1 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fefae36b000)
        libm.so.6 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fefae36b000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fefae36b000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fefae36b000)
Error loading shared library libstdc++.so.6: No such file or directory (needed by /usr/local/bin/node)
Error loading shared library libgcc_s.so.1: No such file or directory (needed by /usr/local/bin/node)
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt15basic_streambufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE9pbackfailEi: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt13runtime_errorC2ERKSs: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt19__throw_logic_errorPKc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt9exceptionD2Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSsC1ERKSs: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt17__throw_bad_allocv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs6appendEmc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt15basic_streambufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE6xsgetnEPcl: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSo9_M_insertIyEERSoT_: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt18basic_stringstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt19basic_ostringstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _Znwm: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt11logic_errorC2ERKSs: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt15basic_streambufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE5imbueERKSt6locale: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs6assignEPKc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTv0_n24_NSoD1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt13basic_filebufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE5closeEv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNKSt13runtime_error4whatEv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTv0_n24_NSt14basic_ofstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcEED0Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __isinf: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __cxa_demangle: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs9push_backEc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt9basic_iosIcSt11char_traitsIcEE7copyfmtERKS2_: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSolsEi: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt16__throw_bad_castv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __cxa_guard_acquire: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNKSs4findEcm: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt9basic_iosIcSt11char_traitsIcEE4initEPSt15basic_streambufIcS1_E: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt7getlineIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEERSt13basic_istreamIT_T0_ES7_RSbIS4_S5_T1_ES4_: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZdaPv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSo9_M_insertIlEERSoT_: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __cxa_allocate_exception: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: backtrace_symbols: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSo9_M_insertIbEERSoT_: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs6resizeEmc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt15__exception_ptr13exception_ptrC1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt13runtime_errorD2Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNKSt14error_category10equivalentERKSt10error_codei: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs12_M_leak_hardEv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNKSs17find_first_not_ofEPKcmm: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _Znam: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSo9_M_insertIPKvEERSoT_: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNKSt5ctypeIcE13_M_widen_initEv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt18_Rb_tree_decrementPSt18_Rb_tree_node_base: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSo5writeEPKcl: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSo5flushEv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSo9_M_insertImEERSoT_: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt12__basic_fileIcED1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTv0_n24_NSoD0Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNKSt15basic_stringbufIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE3strEv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSsC1EPKcmRKSaIcE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZdlPv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSo3putEc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt15basic_streambufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE7seekoffElSt12_Ios_SeekdirSt13_Ios_Openmode: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTv0_n24_NSt14basic_ofstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcEED1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __cxa_guard_release: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs9_M_mutateEmmm: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt19basic_ostringstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC1ESt13_Ios_Openmode: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNKSs5rfindEcm: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt15basic_streambufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE7seekposESt4fposI11__mbstate_tESt13_Ios_Openmode: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs6appendEPKcm: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __gxx_personality_v0: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs4swapERSs: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSoD0Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSsC1EmcRKSaIcE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt20__throw_length_errorPKc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt20__throw_out_of_rangePKc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __cxa_throw: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt11logic_errorD2Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt15basic_stringbufIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE7_M_syncEPcmm: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _Unwind_Resume: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __popcountdi2: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs6appendEPKc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt9basic_iosIcSt11char_traitsIcEE5rdbufEPSt15basic_streambufIcS1_E: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __register_atfork: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __isnan: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNKSt14error_category23default_error_conditionEi: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt15basic_streambufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE9showmanycEv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt18condition_variableD1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs4_Rep9_S_createEmmRKSaIcE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs14_M_replace_auxEmmmc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt8ios_baseD2Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs6insertEmPKcm: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt21__throw_runtime_errorPKc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSo9_M_insertIdEERSoT_: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt14basic_ofstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcEED1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt6localeC1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs6assignEPKcm: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs4_Rep10_M_disposeERKSaIcE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs6assignERKSs: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs6appendERKSs: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt13basic_filebufIcSt11char_traitsIcEEC1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt18basic_stringstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC1ESt13_Ios_Openmode: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNKSs4findEPKcmm: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt28_Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erasePSt18_Rb_tree_node_baseRS_: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt15basic_streambufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE9underflowEv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __cxa_free_exception: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt18_Rb_tree_incrementPKSt18_Rb_tree_node_base: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt15__exception_ptr13exception_ptrD1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSoD1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __cxa_pure_virtual: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt14basic_ofstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcEED0Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __dynamic_cast: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt13basic_filebufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE4openEPKcSt13_Ios_Openmode: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt18_Rb_tree_incrementPSt18_Rb_tree_node_base: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs4_Rep10_M_destroyERKSaIcE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt16__ostream_insertIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_PKS3_l: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNKSt14error_category10equivalentEiRKSt15error_condition: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt8ios_baseC2Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt6localeD1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZnwmRKSt9nothrow_t: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt15basic_streambufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE5uflowEv: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt18_Rb_tree_decrementPKSt18_Rb_tree_node_base: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSsC1ERKSsmm: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNKSs7compareEPKc: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt29_Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalancebPSt18_Rb_tree_node_baseS0_RS_: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZdlPvRKSt9nothrow_t: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt9basic_iosIcSt11char_traitsIcEE5clearESt12_Ios_Iostate: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSsD1Ev: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: backtrace: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSsC1EPKcRKSaIcE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt15basic_streambufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE6setbufEPcl: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSo9_M_insertIxEERSoT_: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs7reserveEm: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTISt14error_category: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTISt11logic_error: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTISt9exception: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTISt13runtime_error: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSs4_Rep20_S_empty_rep_storageE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZNSt8__detail12__prime_listE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTVSt14error_category: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZSt7nothrow: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTVSt15basic_stringbufIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTVN10__cxxabiv121__vmi_class_type_infoE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTVSt19basic_ostringstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTTSt14basic_ofstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcEE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTVN10__cxxabiv117__class_type_infoE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTVN10__cxxabiv120__si_class_type_infoE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTVSt15basic_streambufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTVSt14basic_ofstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcEE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTVSt9basic_iosIcSt11char_traitsIcEE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTVSt18basic_stringstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTVSt13basic_filebufIcSt11char_traitsIcEE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTTSt18basic_stringstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: _ZTTSt19basic_ostringstreamIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE: symbol not found
The command '/bin/sh -c ldd /usr/local/bin/node' returned a non-zero code: 127

after running this new call: 在运行这个新电话后： 

RUN apk add --no-cache libstdc++ && apk add --no-cache libgcc

I still get an error: 我仍然收到一个错误： 

Step 12/54 : RUN ldd /usr/local/bin/node
 ---> Running in deecef947d0b
        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7f9266dee000)
        libdl.so.2 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7f9266dee000)
        librt.so.1 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7f9266dee000)
        libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x7f9266a9c000)
        libm.so.6 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7f9266dee000)
        libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x7f926688a000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7f9266dee000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7f9266dee000)
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __isinf: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: backtrace_symbols: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __register_atfork: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: __isnan: symbol not found
Error relocating /usr/local/bin/node: backtrace: symbol not found

2 个解决方案

解决方案1
 7 已采纳  2017-08-31 17:42:01

The Alpine distro is based on a libc variant called musl-libc . Alpine发行版基于名为musl-libc的libc变体。 The node binary you are installing is compiled against glibc , as most (all?) other standard distros use the more commonly used glibc standard library. 您正在安装的节点二进制文件是针对glibc编译的，因为大多数（所有？）其他标准发行版使用更常用的glibc标准库。

One option is to add glibc to your alpine distro base, and then if you were truly unable to compile node against musl-libc you could allow the glibc support you added handle the mismatch. 一个选项是将glibc添加到您的alpine发行版基础，然后如果您真的无法针对musl-libc编译节点， 则可以允许您添加的glibc支持处理不匹配。 There are other stackoverflow answers which provide details on how to do this. 还有其他stackoverflow答案 ，提供有关如何执行此操作的详细信息。

However , I think the best case scenario is for you to use a node binary built against Alpine's musl-libc . 但是 ，我认为最好的情况是你使用针对Alpine的musl-libc构建的节点二进制文件。 This is the way the official node images handle the alpine tag variant. 这是官方节点图像处理高山标签变体的方式。 You can see how they do that here in the official Node 12.4.0 release Dockerfile for node's alpine variant. 您可以在官方节点12.4.0版本的Dockerfile中看到他们如何做到这一点，用于节点的alpine变体。 Of course your build will be longer to build node versus download a pre-built binary, but it will simplify any complications around trying to shoehorn glibc support into Alpine. 当然， 构建节点的构建时间会比下载预先构建的二进制文件要长，但它会简化尝试将glibc支持转变为Alpine的任何复杂性。

解决方案2
 1  2017-08-31 05:36:30

Check if there is no missing dependencies that might be missing for node to execute: add an ldd /usr/local/bin/node 检查是否没有缺少可能缺少的节点执行的依赖项：添加ldd /usr/local/bin/node

It could be the case the base (Alpine) image used has some dependencies missing for node to work: you can test if the issue persists when you change said base image (with an ubuntu one for instance) 可能是这样的情况：所使用的基础（Alpine）映像缺少某些依赖项以使节点工作：您可以测试当您更改所述基本映像时问题是否仍然存在（例如，使用ubuntu）

The fact that ldd mentions missing dynamic libraries/symbols explains the error message. ldd提到缺少动态库/符号的事实解释了错误消息。

See how node is built from its Dockerfile : 了解如何从Dockerfile构建节点： 

FROM buildpack-deps:jessie

Ie: it installs on top of a much complete image than an alpine one. 即：它安装在一个完整的图像之上，而不是高山图像。

It would be easier to use the node image directly, and build from it. 直接使用节点映像并从中构建它会更容易。

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