使用@Autowired为Spring @Service添加JUnit测试

Question

I've checked all other posts and blogs/wikis about this topic, but there's still something wrong with our project setup.

There's project ParentProject and there are multiple subprojects. For this specific problem, we take API and WS into consideration.

There's an interface Service (annotated as @WebService and @SOAPBinding ) declared in the API , and its implementation is in WS (annotated as @WebService and @Service ).

When trying to implement a JUnit test for this implementation, for some reason maven clean install (in Eclipse) ends in BUILD FAILURE

Some of the problems encountered:

Could not find an 'annotation declaring class' for annotation type [interface org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles] and class [class com.x.ws.services.x.ServiceTest]
java.lang.NullPointerException
...
After test class: context [[TestContext@c0843d testClass = ServiceImplTest, testInstance = [null], testMethod = [null], testException = [null], mergedContextConfiguration = [MergedContextConfiguration@2e0dcb testClass = ServiceImplTest, locations = '{classpath:spring-config-business-test.xml}', classes = '{}', activeProfiles = '{}', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.test.context.support.DelegatingSmartContextLoader']]], dirtiesContext [false].
java.lang.NullPointerException
...
Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener 
[org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@1bcdc8] to prepare test instance [com.x.ws.services.x.ServiceImplTest@5d285b]
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.x.ws.services.x.ServiceImplTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.x.api.services.x.Service com.x.ws.services.x.ServiceImplTest.service; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.x.api.services.x.Service] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

This is the current ServiceImplTest :

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(
        locations = {
//                "classpath:spring-config-business.xml",
//                "classpath:spring-config-business-cxf.xml",
//                "classpath:dozer-config.xml"//,
                "classpath:spring-config-business-test.xml"
        })
//        classes = Service.class)
//@ComponentScan("com.<service_package>")
//@TestExecutionListeners({
    //org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class,
    //org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener.class,
    //org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener.class
    })
//@Profile("test")
public class ServiceImplTest {

    @Autowired
    private Service service;
...
}

This is the spring-config-business-test.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
>

    <!-- Allow @Autowired Annotation -->
    <context:annotation-config/>

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.x.api"></context:component-scan>    
    <bean id="dataSource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SingleConnectionDataSource"
        p:driverClassName="${jdbcDriverDB2.className}"
        p:url="${testDataSource.url}"
        p:username="${testDataSource.user}"
        p:password="${testDataSource.password}"
        p:suppressClose="true" />

</beans>

It is not working when using @Autowired , and it does compile when not using it.

UPDATE:

After investigating and following instructions given in comments, I've noticed that the log is showing multiple java.lang.NullPointerException , after those messages (for another beans):

Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'x'
...
Processing injected method of bean 'x': AutowiredFieldElement for private package.ws.y package.ws.y.x

Tests are also not compiling whenever there's an @Autowired private field (no matter which one and even for ApplicationContext ) in the ServiceImplTest .

Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@1c1fbd9] to prepare test instance [package.ws.services.x.ServiceImplTest@16f2b7f]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

UPDATE2:

I tried what @Louis Steimberg mentioned (without defining the loader) and now I get

testFunction(package.ws.services.x.ServiceImplTest): Error creating bean with name 'packge.ws.services.x.ServiceImplTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private package.ws.services.x.ServiceTest package.ws.services.x.ServiceImplTest.serviceTest; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [package.ws.services.x.ServiceTest] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

It looks like it can't create the bean for some reason.

Answer 1

You should add this param to your @ContextConfiguration annotation :

@ContextConfiguration(
    classes = {TestConfig.class },
    loader = AnnotationConfigWebContextLoader.class
    )

and in TestConfig.class :

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.your.component.package1, com.your.component.package2")
public class TestConfig {

// You can put some beans here

}