如何使用 NAMED 内容创建 WPF UserControl

Question

I have a set of controls with attached commands and logic that are constantly reused in the same way. I decided to create a user control that holds all the common controls and logic.

However I also need the control to be able to hold content that can be named. I tried the following:

<UserControl.ContentTemplate>
    <DataTemplate>
        <Button>a reused button</Button>
        <ContentPresenter Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"/>
        <Button>a reused button</Button>
    </DataTemplate>
</UserControl.ContentTemplate>

However it seems any content placed inside the user control cannot be named. For example if I use the control in the following way:

<lib:UserControl1>
     <Button Name="buttonName">content</Button>
</lib:UserControl1>

I receive the following error:

Cannot set Name attribute value 'buttonName' on element 'Button'. 'Button' is under the scope of element 'UserControl1', which already had a name registered when it was defined in another scope.

If I remove the buttonName, then it compiles, however I need to be able to name the content. How can I achieve this?

Answer 1

The answer is to not use a UserControl to do it.

Create a class that extends ContentControl

public class MyFunkyControl : ContentControl
{
    public static readonly DependencyProperty HeadingProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("Heading", typeof(string),
        typeof(MyFunkyControl), new PropertyMetadata(HeadingChanged));

    private static void HeadingChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        ((MyFunkyControl) d).Heading = e.NewValue as string;
    }

    public string Heading { get; set; }
}

then use a style to specify the contents

<Style TargetType="control:MyFunkyControl">
    <Setter Property="Template">
        <Setter.Value>
            <ControlTemplate TargetType="control:MyFunkyControl">
                <Grid>
                    <ContentControl Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"/>
                </Grid>
            </ControlTemplate>
        </Setter.Value>
    </Setter>
</Style>

and finally - use it

<control:MyFunkyControl Heading="Some heading!">            
    <Label Name="WithAName">Some cool content</Label>
</control:MyFunkyControl>

Answer 2

It seems this is not possible when XAML is used. Custom controls seem to be a overkill when I actually have all the controls I need, but just need to group them together with a small bit of logic and allow named content.

The solution on JD's blog as mackenir suggests, seems to have the best compromise. A way to extend JD's solution to allow controls to still be defined in XAML could be as follows:

    protected override void OnInitialized(EventArgs e)
    {
        base.OnInitialized(e);

        var grid = new Grid();
        var content = new ContentPresenter
                          {
                              Content = Content
                          };

        var userControl = new UserControlDefinedInXAML();
        userControl.aStackPanel.Children.Add(content);

        grid.Children.Add(userControl);
        Content = grid;           
    }

In my example above I have created a user control called UserControlDefinedInXAML which is define like any normal user controls using XAML. In my UserControlDefinedInXAML I have a StackPanel called aStackPanel within which I want my named content to appear.

Answer 3

Sometimes you might just need to reference the element from C#. Depending on the use case, you can then set an x:Uid instead of an x:Name and access the elements by calling a Uid finder method like Get object by its Uid in WPF .

Answer 4

Another alternative I've used is to just set the Name property in the Loaded event.

In my case, I had a rather complex control which I didn't want to create in the code-behind, and it looked for an optional control with a specific name for certain behavior, and since I noticed I could set the name in a DataTemplate I figured I could do it in the Loaded event too.

private void Button_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    Button b = sender as Button;
    b.Name = "buttonName";
}

Answer 5

You can use this helper for set name inside the user control:

using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Media;
namespace UI.Helpers
{
    public class UserControlNameHelper
    {
        public static string GetName(DependencyObject d)
        {
            return (string)d.GetValue(UserControlNameHelper.NameProperty);
        }

        public static void SetName(DependencyObject d, string val)
        {
            d.SetValue(UserControlNameHelper.NameProperty, val);
        }

        public static readonly DependencyProperty NameProperty =
            DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("Name",
                typeof(string),
                typeof(UserControlNameHelper),
                new FrameworkPropertyMetadata("",
                    FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.None,
                    (d, e) =>
                    {
                        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty((string)e.NewValue))
                        {
                            string[] names = e.NewValue.ToString().Split(new char[] { ',' });

                            if (d is FrameworkElement)
                            {
                                ((FrameworkElement)d).Name = names[0];
                                Type t = Type.GetType(names[1]);
                                if (t == null)
                                    return;
                                var parent = FindVisualParent(d, t);
                                if (parent == null)
                                    return;
                                var p = parent.GetType().GetProperty(names[0], BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.SetProperty);
                                p.SetValue(parent, d, null);
                            }
                        }
                    }));

        public static DependencyObject FindVisualParent(DependencyObject child, Type t)
        {
            // get parent item
            DependencyObject parentObject = VisualTreeHelper.GetParent(child);

            // we’ve reached the end of the tree
            if (parentObject == null)
            {
                var p = ((FrameworkElement)child).Parent;
                if (p == null)
                    return null;
                parentObject = p;
            }

            // check if the parent matches the type we’re looking for
            DependencyObject parent = parentObject.GetType() == t ? parentObject : null;
            if (parent != null)
            {
                return parent;
            }
            else
            {
                // use recursion to proceed with next level
                return FindVisualParent(parentObject, t);
            }
        }
    }
}

and your Window or Control Code Behind set you control by Property:

 public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

    }

    public Button BtnOK { get; set; }
}

your window xaml:

    <Window x:Class="user_Control_Name.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            xmlns:test="clr-namespace:user_Control_Name"
            xmlns:helper="clr-namespace:UI.Helpers" x:Name="mainWindow"
            Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
        <Grid>
            <test:TestUserControl>
                <Button helper:UserControlNameHelper.Name="BtnOK,user_Control_Name.MainWindow"/>
            </test:TestUserControl>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding ElementName=mainWindow,Path=BtnOK.Name}"/>
        </Grid>
    </Window>

UserControlNameHelper get your control name and your Class name for set Control to Property.

Answer 6

I've chosen to create an extra property for each element I need to get:

    public FrameworkElement First
    {
        get
        {
            if (Controls.Count > 0)
            {
                return Controls[0];
            }
            return null;
        }
    }

This enables me to access the child elements in XAML:

<TextBlock Text="{Binding First.SelectedItem, ElementName=Taxcode}"/>

Answer 7

<Popup>
    <TextBox Loaded="BlahTextBox_Loaded" />
</Popup>

Code behind:

public TextBox BlahTextBox { get; set; }
private void BlahTextBox_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    BlahTextBox = sender as TextBox;
}

The real solution would be for Microsoft to fix this issue, as well as all the others with broken visual trees etc. Hypothetically speaking.

Answer 8

另一种解决方法：将元素引用为RelativeSource 。

Answer 9

I had the same problem using a TabControl when placing a bunch of named controls into.

My workaround was to use a control template which contains all my controls to be shown in a tab page. Inside the template you can use the Name property and also data bind to properties of the named control from other controls at least inside the same template.

As Content of the TabItem Control, use a simple Control and set the ControlTemplate accordingly:

<Control Template="{StaticResource MyControlTemplate}"/>

Accessing those named control inside the template from code behind you would need to use the visual tree.

Answer 10

I ran into this problem and found a workaround that lets you design custom controls using Xaml. Its still has a bit of a hack, but one that solved all of my problems without any obvious compromises.

Basically, you do everything the way you normally would with the xaml, but you also include some of the header declarations on the control template itself and Base64 encode that template to be loaded in the code constructor. Not shown in this Xaml excerpt, but the namespace my full Xaml used is actually targeting a XamlTemplates instead of the Controls namespace. This was on purpose because the "Release" build moves that developmental Debug reference out of the way from my production controls namespace. More on that below.

<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type TabControl}" 
                 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
                 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">
    <Grid x:Name="templateRoot" 
          ClipToBounds="True" 
          SnapsToDevicePixels="True" 
          Background="Transparent"
          KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Local">
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition x:Name="ColumnDefinition0"/>
            <ColumnDefinition x:Name="ColumnDefinition1" Width="0"/>
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition x:Name="RowDefinition0" Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition x:Name="RowDefinition1" Height="*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <TabPanel x:Name="HeaderPanel"
                  Panel.ZIndex="1"                          
                  Margin="{Binding MarginHeaderPanel, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}"
                  Background="{Binding Background, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}"
                  IsItemsHost="True"                          
                  KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="2"/>
        <Border x:Name="blankregion" Panel.ZIndex="1" Margin="0" Padding="0" 
                Background="{Binding Background, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}">
            <ContentPresenter x:Name="blankpresenter"                                      
                              KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="1"    
                              Content="{Binding TabBlankSpaceContent, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}"                                          
                              ContentSource="TabBlankSpaceContent" 
                              SnapsToDevicePixels="True"/>
        </Border>

        <Grid x:Name="ContentPanel">
            <Border 
                BorderBrush="{Binding BorderBrush, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}"
                BorderThickness="{Binding BorderThickness, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}"                       
                Background="{Binding SelectedItem.Background, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}"
                KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNavigation="Contained" 
                KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Local"                                           
                CornerRadius="{Binding BorderRadius, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}"
                KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="3">
                <ContentControl x:Name="PART_SelectedContentHost" 
                                ContentTemplate="{Binding SelectedContentTemplate, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}"
                                Content="{Binding SelectedContent, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}"
                                ContentStringFormat="{Binding SelectedContentStringFormat, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}" 
                                Margin="{Binding Padding, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}"
                                SnapsToDevicePixels="{Binding SnapsToDevicePixels, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=TabControl}}"/>
            </Border>

        </Grid>
    </Grid>
    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
        <!--Triggers were removed for clarity-->
    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>

I'll point out that the above XAML didn't name the control it derived from and everything within the template used relative lookups to bind its properties; even the custom ones.

On the C# side, I used the Base64 encoded version of the control template from my Xaml and directives to shuffle around the development/release versions of the controls. The theory being that my controls in the development space wouldn't run into the problem this topic is about, but would give me a way to test/develop them. The release DLL versions seem to be working really well and the controls built do have great design time support just like they did on the Debug/Development side.

#if DEBUG
namespace AgileBIM.Controls
{
    public class AgileTabControl : AgileBIM.XamlTemplates.AgileTabControlDesigner { }
}

namespace AgileBIM.XamlTemplates
#else
namespace AgileBIM.Controls
#endif
{
#if DEBUG    
    public partial class AgileTabControlDesigner : TabControl
#else
    public class AgileTabControl : TabControl
#endif
    {

        

#if DEBUG
        private static Type ThisControl = typeof(AgileTabControlDesigner);
#else
        private static Type ThisControl = typeof(AgileTabControl);
        private string Template64 = "Base64 encoded template removed for clarity"
#endif


#if DEBUG
        public AgileTabControlDesigner() { InitializeComponent(); }
#else
        public AgileTabControl()
        {
            string decoded = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(Template64));
            System.IO.StringReader sr = new System.IO.StringReader(decoded);
            System.Xml.XmlReader xr = System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(sr);
            ControlTemplate ct = (ControlTemplate)System.Windows.Markup.XamlReader.Load(xr);

            DefaultStyleKey = ThisControl;
            Template = ct;
        }
#endif

        public Thickness MarginHeaderPanel 
        {
            get { return (Thickness)GetValue(MarginHeaderPanelProperty); } 
            set { SetValue(MarginHeaderPanelProperty, value); } 
        }
        public static readonly DependencyProperty MarginHeaderPanelProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("MarginHeaderPanel", typeof(Thickness), ThisControl, new PropertyMetadata(new Thickness(0)));

        public CornerRadius BorderRadius 
        { 
            get { return (CornerRadius)GetValue(BorderRadiusProperty); } 
            set { SetValue(BorderRadiusProperty, value); }
        }
        public static readonly DependencyProperty BorderRadiusProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("BorderRadius", typeof(CornerRadius), ThisControl, new PropertyMetadata(new CornerRadius(0)));

        public object TabBlankSpaceContent 
        { 
            get { return (object)GetValue(TabBlankSpaceContentProperty); } 
            set { SetValue(TabBlankSpaceContentProperty, value); } 
        }
        public static readonly DependencyProperty TabBlankSpaceContentProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("TabBlankSpaceContent", typeof(object), ThisControl, new PropertyMetadata());
    }
}

The critical thing to remember before creating a "release" control DLL to be used in your primary application is to update your base64 encoded string with your latest and greatest version of its control template. This is because the Release build is completely detached from the original Xaml and entirely dependent on the encoded one.

The above control and others like it can be found on GitHub . Which is a library I am making intended to "unlock" many of the things I want to style that standard controls don't expose. That and adding some features that don't exist. For example, the above TabControl has an additional content property for utilizing the "unused" area of the tab headers.

Important Notes:

• Basic styling gets lost using this method, but you get it all back if your styles for the Custom Control uses the BasedOn="{StaticResource {x:Type TabControl}}" mechanism.
• I need to find time to research if this will cause any noteworthy memory leaks and whether I can do anything to combat them, if anyone has any thoughts on this let me know in the comments.