python3使用apache WSGI默认编码UnicodeDecodeError ascii

Question

import locale
prefered_encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()
prefered_encoding 'ANSI_X3.4-1968'

I'm using a framework called inginious and it's using web.py to render its template.

web.template.render(os.path.join(root_path, dir_path),
                                   globals=self._template_globals,
                                   base=layout_path)

The rendering works on my localhost but not on my staging server .

They both run python3. I see that web.py enforces utf-8 on

the encoding in Python2 only (that's out of my hands)

def __str__(self):
    self._prepare_body()
    if PY2:
        return self["__body__"].encode('utf-8')
    else:
        return self["__body__"]

here is the stack trace

t = self._template(name),
File "/lib/python3.5/site-packages/web/template.py", line 1028, in _template,
self._cache[name] = self._load_template(name),
File "/lib/python3.5/site-packages/web/template.py", line 1016, in _load_template
return Template(open(path).read(), filename=path, **self._keywords)
File "/lib64/python3.5/encodings/ascii.py", line 26, in decode
return codecs.ascii_decode(input, self.errors)[0]
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 83: ordinal not in range(128),

My html do include hebew chars, small example

<div class="modal-content">
                    <div class="modal-header">
                        <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal">&times;</button>
                        <h4 class="modal-title feedback-modal-title">
                            חישוב האיברים הראשונים בסדרה של איבר ראשון חיובי ויחס שלילי:
                            <span class="red-text">אי הצלחה</span>

and I open it like so :

open('/path/to/feedback.html').read()

and the line where the encoding fails is where the Hebrew chars are.

I tried setting some environment variables in ~/.bashrc :

export PYTHONIOENCODING=utf8
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8

under the user centos

The ingenious framework is installed as a pip under python3.5 site-packages. and it served by an apache server under the user apache

Tried setting the environment variables in the code (during the init of the app) so that the apache WSGI will be aware of them

import os 
os.environ['LC_ALL'] = 'en_US.UTF-8'
os.environ['LANG'] = 'en_US.UTF-8'
os.environ['LANGUAGE'] = 'en_US.UTF-8'

I have edited the /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf using the setenv method:

SetEnv LC_ALL en_US.UTF-8
SetEnv LANG en_US.UTF-8
SetEnv LANGUAGE en_US.UTF-8
SetEnv PYTHONIOENCODING utf8

and restarted using sudo service httpd restart and still no luck.

My question is, what is the best practice to solve this. I understand there are hacks for this, but I want to understand what is the underline cause as well as how to solve it.

Thanks!

Answer 1

finally found the answer when reading the file changed from

open('/path/to/feedback.html').read()

to

import codecs
with codecs.open(file_path,'r',encoding='utf8') as f:
     text = f.read()

if anyone has a more general approach that will work, I'll accept his answer

Answer 2

A Python 2+3 solution would be:

import io

with io.open(file_path, mode='r', encoding='utf8') as f:
     text = f.read()

See the documentation of io.open .