[英]PostgreSQL partial unique index and upsert
I'm trying to do an upsert to a table that has partial unique indexes 我正在尝试对具有部分唯一索引的表进行upsert
create table test (
p text not null,
q text,
r text,
txt text,
unique(p,q,r)
);
create unique index test_p_idx on test(p) where q is null and r is null;
create unique index test_pq_idx on test(p, q) where r IS NULL;
create unique index test_pr_idx on test(p, r) where q is NULL;
In plain terms, p
is not null and only one of q
or r
can be null. 简单来说,
p
不是null,只有q
或r
可以为null。
Duplicate inserts throw constraint violations as expected 重复插入会按预期抛出约束违规
insert into test(p,q,r,txt) values ('p',null,null,'a'); -- violates test_p_idx
insert into test(p,q,r,txt) values ('p','q',null,'b'); -- violates test_pq_idx
insert into test(p,q,r,txt) values ('p',null, 'r','c'); -- violates test_pr_idx
However, when I'm trying to use the unique constraint for an upsert 但是,当我尝试使用唯一约束进行upsert时
insert into test as u (p,q,r,txt) values ('p',null,'r','d')
on conflict (p, q, r) do update
set txt = excluded.txt
it still throws the constraint violation 它仍然会引发约束违规
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "test_pr_idx" DETAIL: Key (p, r)=(p, r) already exists.
错误:重复键值违反唯一约束“test_pr_idx”DETAIL:键(p,r)=(p,r)已存在。
But I'd expect the on conflict
clause to catch it and do the update. 但我希望
on conflict
子句可以捕获它并进行更新。
What am I doing wrong? 我究竟做错了什么? Should I be using an
index_predicate
? 我应该使用
index_predicate
吗?
index_predicate Used to allow inference of partial unique indexes.
index_predicate用于允许推断部分唯一索引。 Any indexes that satisfy the predicate (which need not actually be partial indexes) can be inferred.
可以推断出满足谓词的任何索引(实际上不需要是部分索引)。 Follows CREATE INDEX format.
遵循CREATE INDEX格式。 https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/static/sql-insert.html
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/static/sql-insert.html
I don't think it's possible to use multiple partial indexes as a conflict target. 我认为不可能将多个部分索引用作冲突目标。 You should try to achieve the desired behaviour using a single index.
您应该尝试使用单个索引实现所需的行为。 The only way I can see is to use a unique index on expressions:
我能看到的唯一方法是在表达式上使用唯一索引:
drop table if exists test;
create table test (
p text not null,
q text,
r text,
txt text
);
create unique index test_unique_idx on test (p, coalesce(q, ''), coalesce(r, ''));
Now all three tests (executed twice) violate the same index: 现在所有三个测试(执行两次)都违反了相同的索引:
insert into test(p,q,r,txt) values ('p',null,null,'a'); -- violates test_unique_idx
insert into test(p,q,r,txt) values ('p','q',null,'b'); -- violates test_unique_idx
insert into test(p,q,r,txt) values ('p',null, 'r','c'); -- violates test_unique_idx
In the insert command you should pass the expressions used in the index definition: 在insert命令中,您应该传递索引定义中使用的表达式:
insert into test as u (p,q,r,txt)
values ('p',null,'r','d')
on conflict (p, coalesce(q, ''), coalesce(r, '')) do update
set txt = excluded.txt;
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