Rails - 错误“安装 sqlite3 (1.3.13) 时出错，Bundler 无法继续”

Question

I am totally new to Git and Ruby on Rails and I'm doing the "The Odin Project", but I've got stucked.

I am trying to deploy the application I've created, using Git to push the master branch up to Heroku.

When I run the command "git push heroku master" I get this log with the follwing mistakes, what it may be?

matteo@matteo-VirtualBox:~/railsbridge/hello_app$ git push heroku master
Counting objects: 90, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (76/76), done.
Writing objects: 100% (90/90), 22.03 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 90 (delta 6), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Compressing source files... done.
remote: Building source:
remote: 
remote:  !     Warning: Multiple default buildpacks reported the ability to handle this app. The first buildpack in the list below will be used.
remote:             Detected buildpacks: Ruby,Node.js
remote:             See https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks#buildpack-detect-order
remote: -----> Ruby app detected
remote: -----> Compiling Ruby/Rails
remote: -----> Using Ruby version: ruby-2.3.4
remote: -----> Installing dependencies using bundler 1.15.2
remote:        Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --binstubs vendor/bundle/bin -j4 --deployment
remote:        Warning: the running version of Bundler (1.15.2) is older than the version that created the lockfile (1.15.4). We suggest you upgrade to the latest version of Bundler by running `gem install bundler`.
remote:        Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
remote:        Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
remote:        Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
remote:        Fetching rake 12.1.0
remote:        Installing concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
remote:        Fetching minitest 5.10.3
....
remote:        Installing turbolinks 5.0.1
remote:        Fetching activesupport 5.1.4
remote:        The latest bundler is 1.16.0.pre.3, but you are currently running 1.15.2.
remote:        To update, run `gem install bundler --pre`
remote:        Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
remote:        current directory:
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sqlite3-1.3.13/ext/sqlite3
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/ruby-2.3.4/bin/ruby -r
remote:        ./siteconf20171015-278-1swne7x.rb extconf.rb
remote:        checking for sqlite3.h... no
remote:        sqlite3.h is missing. Try 'brew install sqlite3',
remote:        'yum install sqlite-devel' or 'apt-get install libsqlite3-dev'
remote:        and check your shared library search path (the
remote:        location where your sqlite3 shared library is located).
remote:        *** extconf.rb failed ***
remote:        Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
remote:        libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
remote:        need configuration options.
remote:        Provided configuration options:
remote:        --with-opt-dir
remote:        --srcdir=.
remote:        --curdir
remote:        --ruby=/tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/ruby-2.3.4/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
remote:        --with-sqlite3-config
remote:        --without-sqlite3-config
remote:        --without-sqlite3-lib=${sqlite3-dir}/lib
remote:        To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can
remote:        be found here:
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.3.0/sqlite3-1.3.13/mkmf.log
remote:        extconf failed, exit code 1
remote:        Gem files will remain installed in
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sqlite3-1.3.13
remote:        for inspection.
remote:        Results logged to
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.3.0/sqlite3-1.3.13/gem_make.out
remote:        An error occurred while installing sqlite3 (1.3.13), and Bundler cannot
remote:        continue.
remote:        Make sure that `gem install sqlite3 -v '1.3.13'` succeeds before bundling.
remote:        In Gemfile:
remote:        sqlite3
remote:        Bundler Output: Warning: the running version of Bundler (1.15.2) is older than the version that created the lockfile (1.15.4). We suggest you upgrade to the latest version of Bundler by running `gem install bundler`.
remote:        Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
remote:        Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
remote:        Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
remote:        Fetching rake 12.1.0
remote:        Fetching concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
1.4
remote:        Fetching rb-inotify 0.9.10
remote:        Installing rb-inotify 0.9.10
remote:        The latest bundler is 1.16.0.pre.3, but you are currently running 1.15.2.
remote:        To update, run `gem install bundler --pre`
remote:        Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
remote:        
remote:        current directory:
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sqlite3-1.3.13/ext/sqlite3
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/ruby-2.3.4/bin/ruby -r
remote:        ./siteconf20171015-278-1swne7x.rb extconf.rb
remote:        checking for sqlite3.h... no
remote:        sqlite3.h is missing. Try 'brew install sqlite3',
remote:        'yum install sqlite-devel' or 'apt-get install libsqlite3-dev'
remote:        and check your shared library search path (the
remote:        location where your sqlite3 shared library is located).
remote:        *** extconf.rb failed ***
remote:        Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
remote:        libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
remote:        need configuration options.
remote:        
remote:        Provided configuration options:
remote:        --with-opt-dir
remote:        --without-opt-dir
remote:        --ruby=/tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/ruby-2.3.4/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
remote:        --with-sqlite3-config
remote:        --without-sqlite3-lib=${sqlite3-dir}/lib
remote:        
remote:        To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can
remote:        be found here:
remote:        
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.3.0/sqlite3-1.3.13/mkmf.log
remote:        
remote:        extconf failed, exit code 1
remote:        
remote:        Gem files will remain installed in
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sqlite3-1.3.13
remote:        for inspection.
remote:        Results logged to
remote:        /tmp/build_c400101f4282a4c7d4222ce20d2d35b2/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.3.0/sqlite3-1.3.13/gem_make.out
remote:        
remote:        An error occurred while installing sqlite3 (1.3.13), and Bundler cannot
remote:        continue.
remote:        Make sure that `gem install sqlite3 -v '1.3.13'` succeeds before bundling.
remote:        
remote:        In Gemfile:
remote:        sqlite3
remote:  !
remote:  !     Failed to install gems via Bundler.
remote:  !     Detected sqlite3 gem which is not supported on Heroku:
remote:  !     https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/sqlite3
remote:  !
remote:  !     Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app.
remote: 
remote:  !     Push failed
remote: Verifying deploy...
remote: 
remote: !   Push rejected to murmuring-river-60914.
remote: 
To https://git.heroku.com/murmuring-river-60914.git
 ! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/murmuring-river-60914.git'

I have followed the tutorial instruction by setting the Gemfile with this inside:

group :development, :test do
  gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.13'
  gem 'byebug',  '9.0.0', platform: :mri
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg', '0.20.0'
end

Answer 1

For multiple buildpacks, remove all of them and then set the Ruby one:

$ heroku buildpacks:clear
$ heroku buildpacks:set heroku/ruby

About SQLite on Heroku :

SQLite runs in memory, and backs up its data store in files on disk. While this strategy works well for development, Heroku's Cedar stack has an ephemeral filesystem. You can write to it, and you can read from it, but the contents will be cleared periodically. If you were to use SQLite on Heroku, you would lose your entire database at least once every 24 hours.

So, for the message

sqlite3.h is missing. Try 'brew install sqlite3'`

replace the sqlite3 gem for pg in your Gemfile, then edit the database.yml file:

# Gemfile
gem 'pg'

# config/database.yml
default: &default
  adapter: postgresql
  pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 } %>
  timeout: 5000

development:
  <<: *default
  database: your_project_name_dev

test:
  <<: *default
  database: your_project_name_test

production:
  <<: *default
  database: your_project_name_prod

Probably you'll need to clean the tmp/ folder, so you can delete the Gemfile.lock file and run the rails commands for that:

$ rm -rf Gemfile.lock
$ rails tmp:clear
$ rails tmp:create