是否可以在 Swift 中使用 Type 作为字典键？

Question

I'm making a Farm where everything that can be grown conforms to Growable protocol. When you plant a plant, you call this func:

myFarm.planting<T: Growable>(qty: Int, of: T.Type) -> Farm

Now I want each instance of Farm to have a dictionary instance var like:

var crops = [Growable.Type: Int]

The problem is, even if I make the Growable protocol inherit Hashable, this does not help the Growable type become Hashable.

In other words, even if I add an extension to Growable like this:

extension Growable {
    static func hashValue {
        // return some hash
    }
}

... still the Growable type is not Hashable, since the Hashable protocol only concerns instances of types but not the types themselves.

Well, normally I would give up and say, “I am stupid, do not attempt this further.”

However this is Swift, so I figure there must be a way to bend the language to my will, whether by making a new StaticHashable protocol and then extending the Dictionary type with a new subscript method accepting this, or by modding Swift's source code itself and then making a pitch to the Evolution list.

But before I go down either of those paths, I thought it wise to ask you geniuses if there is already a way to do what I want, or whether doing this is incredibly stupid and you will present me with the obviously superior approach that I was unbelievably daft to have somehow missed all along.

Note: my opinion is that Types themselves should be able to statically adhere to protocols whose funcs are not declared as static, since why should the sender of a message care whether the entity that responds is an immortal God or an ephemeral Creature, made in some God's image?

Answer 1

Is it possible to use a Type as a dictionary key in Swift?

Well its possible , here is one way:

protocol Growable { ... }

struct S : Growable { ... }
class C : Growable { ... }

extension Dictionary where Key : LosslessStringConvertible
{
   subscript(index: Growable.Type) -> Value?
   {
      get
      {
         return self[String(describing: index) as! Key]
      }
      set(newValue)
      {
         self[String(describing: index) as! Key] = newValue
      }
   }
}

var d : [String:Int] = [:]
d[S.self] = 42
d[C.self] = 24
print(d)

prints:

["C": 24, "S": 42]

If you change the subscript definition to:

subscript(index: Any.Type) -> Value?

you can of course use any type as a key:

var d : [String:Int] = [:]
d[S.self] = 42
d[C.self] = 24
d[type(of:d)] = 18
print(d)

prints:

["C": 24, "S": 42, "Dictionary<String, Int>": 18]

I'll leave it up to you to decide whether this is wise , but its clearly possible .

[Note: you cannot constrain Key to be String hence the use of the protocol LosslessStringConvertible ; there might be a better choice, the Swift standard library is a moving target...]

HTH

Answer 2

You might consider taking a step back and review your design. You could model your Growable plants using enumerations , another powerful Swift feature. For instance:

protocol Growable {
    /* ... */
}

enum Vegetable: String, Hashable, Growable {
    case carrot, lettuce, potato /* ... */
}

enum Mushroom: String, Hashable, Growable {
    /* ... */
}

struct Farm {
    var crops = [AnyHashable: Int]()
    mutating func plant<T: Growable & Hashable>(qty: Int, of growable: T) {
        crops[growable] = qty
    }
}

Using Hashable as a concrete type is not supported, as such, we need to use the type-erased AnyHashable structure instead — protocols with Self or associated types requirements can be tricky to get right!

Usage:

var myFarm = Farm()
myFarm.plant(qty: 10, of: Vegetable.carrot)
myFarm.plant(qty: 20, of: Vegetable.lettuce)
myFarm.plant(qty: 30, of: Vegetable.potato)

print(myFarm.crops)

[AnyHashable(Vegetable.potato): 30, AnyHashable(Vegetable.carrot): 10, AnyHashable(Vegetable.lettuce): 20]

---

Hashable metatypes . Regarding your original design, the correct way to express your intent would be:

extension Growable.Type: Hashable {
    /* make this meta thing hashable! */
}

ie, making the corresponding metatype Hashable as well, but extending metatypes isn't yet supported by Swift ;)