重试 URLSession dataTask 的模式？

Question

I'm fairly new to iOS/Swift development and I'm working on an app that makes several requests to a REST API. Here's a sample of one of those calls which retrieves "messages":

func getMessages() {

    let endpoint = "/api/outgoingMessages"

    let parameters: [String: Any] = [
        "limit" : 100,
        "sortOrder" : "ASC"
    ]

    guard let url = createURLWithComponents(endpoint: endpoint, parameters: parameters) else {
        print("Failed to create URL!")
        return
    }

    do {
        var request = try URLRequest(url: url, method: .get)

        let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request as URLRequest) { (data, response, error) in

            if let error = error {
                print("Request failed with error: \(error)")
                // TODO: retry failed request
            } else if let data = data, let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse {                
                if response.statusCode == 200 {
                    // process data here
                } else {
                    // TODO: retry failed request
                }
            }
        }

        task.resume()

    } catch {
        print("Failed to construct URL: \(error)")
    }
}

Of course, it's possible for this request to fail for a number of different reasons (server is unreachable, request timed out, server returns something other than 200, etc). If my request fails, I'd like to have the ability to retry it, perhaps even with a delay before the next attempt. I didn't see any guidance on this scenario in Apple's documentation but I found a couple of related discussions on SO. Unfortunately, both of those were a few years old and in Objective-C which I've never worked with. Are there any common patterns or implementations for doing something like this in Swift?

Answer 1

This question is airing on the side of opinion-based, and is rather broad, but I bet most are similar, so here goes.

For data updates that trigger UI changes:

(eg a table populated with data, or images loading) the general rule of thumb is to notify the user in a non-obstructing way, like so:

And then have a pull-to-refresh control or a refresh button.

For background data updates that don't impact the user's actions or behavior:

You could easily add a retry counter into your request result depending on the code - but I'd be careful with this one and build out some more intelligent logic. For example, given the following status codes, you might want to handle things differently:

• 5xx: Something is wrong with your server. You may want to delay the retry for 30s or a minute, but if it happens 3 or 4 times, you're going to want to stop hammering your back end.

• 401: The authenticated user may no longer be authorized to call your API. You're not going to want to retry this at all; instead, you'd probably want to log the user out so the next time they use your app they're prompted to re-authenticate.

• Network time-out/lost connection: Retrying is irrelevant until connection is re-established. You could write some logic around your reachability handler to queue background requests for actioning the next time network connectivity is available.

And finally, as we touched on in the comments, you might want to look at notification-driven background app refreshing. This is where instead of polling your server for changes, you can send a notification to tell the app to update itself even when it's not running in the foreground. If you're clever enough, you can have your server repeat notifications to your app until the app has confirmed receipt - this solves for connectivity failures and a myriad of other server response error codes in a consistent way.

Answer 2

I'd categorize three methods for handling retry:

1. Reachability Retry

• Reachability is a fancy way of saying "let me know when network connection has changed". Apple has some snippets for this, but they aren't fun to look at — my recommendation is to use something like Ashley Mill's Reachability replacement.
• In addition to Reachability, Apple provides a waitsForConnectivity (iOS 11+) property that you can set on the URLSession configuration. By setting it, you are alerted via the URLSessionDataDelegate when a task is waiting for a network connection. You could use that opportunity to enable an offline mode or display something to the user.

2. Manual Retry

• Let the user decide when to retry the request. I'd say this is most commonly implemented using a "pull to refresh" gesture/UI.

3. Timed/Auto Retry

• Wait for a few second and try again.
• Apple's Combine framework provides a convenient way to retry failed network requests. See Processing URL Session Data Task Results with Combine
• From Apple Docs: Life Cycle of a URL Session (deprecated)... your app should not retry [a request] immediately, however. Instead, it should use reachability APIs to determine whether the server is reachable, and should make a new request only when it receives a notification that reachability has changed.