你如何在Ipython中更新内嵌图像？

Question

Edit: My question is not in regards to an "animation" per se. My question here, is simply about how to continuously show , a new inline image , in a for loop, within an Ipython notebook.

In essence, I would like to show an updated image, at the same location, inline, and have it update within the loop to show. So my code currently looks something like this:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from IPython import display
%matplotlib inline  

fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows = 1, ncols = 1, figsize=(10, 10))
for ii in xrange(10):
    im = np.random.randn(100,100)
    ax.cla()
    ax.imshow(im, interpolation='None')
    ax.set_title(ii)
    plt.show()

The problem is that this currently just..., well, shows the first image, and then it never changes.

Instead, I would like it to simply show the updated image at each iteration, inline, at the same place. How do I do that? Thanks.

Answer 1

You can call figure.canvas.draw() each time you append something new to the figure. This will refresh the plot (from here ). Try:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from IPython import display
from time import sleep

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca()
fig.show()

for ii in range(10):
    im = np.random.randn(100, 100)
    plt.imshow(im, interpolation='None')
    ax.set_title(ii)
    fig.canvas.draw()
    sleep(0.1)

I could not test this in an IPython Notebook, however.

Answer 2

I am not sure that you can do this without animation. Notebooks capture the output of matplotlib to include in the cell once the plotting is over. The animation framework is rather generic and covers anything that is not a static image. matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation would probably do what you want.

I adapted your code as follows:

%matplotlib notebook
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.animation

f = plt.figure()
ax = f.gca()

im = np.random.randn(100,100)
image = plt.imshow(im, interpolation='None', animated=True)

def function_for_animation(frame_index):
    im = np.random.randn(100,100)
    image.set_data(im)
    ax.set_title(str(frame_index))
    return image,

ani = matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation(f, function_for_animation, interval=200, frames=10, blit=True)

Note: You must restart the notebook for the %matplotlib notebook to take effect and use a backend that supports animation.

EDIT: There is normally a way that is closer to your original question but it errors on my computer. In the example animation_demo there is a plain "for loop" with a plt.pause(0.5) statement that should also work.