在Matplotlib中使用LaTex渲染轴标签

Question

I'm trying to have an antialiased render of all text on my plots using Matplotlib. My plots are exported as pdf files. I allowed all parameters that say antialiased in my matplotlibrc file:

### MATPLOTLIBRC FORMAT

lines.antialiased   : True         # render lines in antialiased (no jaggies)
patch.antialiased   : True    # render patches in antialiased (no jaggies)
font.family         : serif
font.weight         : normal
font.size           : 12.0
font.serif          : Computer modern, DejaVu Serif, Bitstream Vera Serif,New Century Schoolbook, Century Schoolbook L, Utopia, ITC Bookman, Bookman, Nimbus Roman No9 L, Times New Roman, Times, Palatino, Charter, serif

text.usetex         : True  # use latex for all text handling. The following fonts
text.latex.preamble :  \usepackage{amsmath},\usepackage{pgfplots},\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} 

text.antialiased : True # If True (default), the text will be antialiased.
                     # This only affects the Agg backend.


mathtext.fontset : cm # Should be 'dejavusans' (default),
                           # 'dejavuserif', 'cm' (Computer Modern), 'stix',
                           # 'stixsans' or 'custom'


axes.unicode_minus  : True    # use unicode for the minus symbol
                           # rather than hyphen.  See
                           # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs#Character_codes

legend.loc           : best
legend.frameon       : False     # if True, draw the legend on a background patch
legend.framealpha    : 0.7      # legend patch transparency
legend.facecolor     : inherit  # inherit from axes.facecolor; or color spec
legend.edgecolor     : 0      # background patch boundary color
legend.fancybox      : False     # if True, use a rounded box for the
                             # legend background, else a rectangle

figure.autolayout : True  # When True, automatically adjust subplot
                        # parameters to make the plot fit the figure

And here follows a minimum non working example that generates an ugly figure:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot([1,1],[0,10], linewidth=2, label = r'I am a line')
leg = plt.legend(title=r'$The_{\text{legend}}$ : ' ,ncol=1)
leg._legend_box.align = 'left'
plt.xlabel(r'$D \text{(mm)}$')
plt.ylabel(r'Arbitrary unit')
plt.savefig('example.pdf')
plt.close()

This gives this figure:

Link to the pdf file, only valid 10 days

the figure

And when zoomed in we clearly see that the text is really pixelly out of math mode:

Figure zoomed in on legend

Figure zoomed on axis label

How could I avoid this ?

Also:

• I know about svg, tikz and pgf export, but I would really like to have a file type that is easy to share with others,

• I cannot switch all text to math mode because of typo rules. On plots, variables have to be rendered as maths objects and text as text ones,

• adding \\usepackage{lmodern, mathtools} in the LaTex preamble to use Latin Modern instead of Computer Modern does not work. Maybe because Matplotlib does not use LaTex to render the labels when out of math mode.

Answer 1

Following the comment of ImprortanceOfBeingErnest,

Usually to get some upright font in mathmode you would use \\mathrm{}

I have a working example of the code generating the figure, without changing the matplotlibrc:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot([1,1],[0,10], linewidth=2, label = r'$\mathrm{I \:  am \:  a  \: line}$')
leg = plt.legend(title=r'$The_{\mathrm{legend}}$ : ', ncol=1)
leg._legend_box.align = 'left'
plt.xlabel(r'$D \:  \mathrm{(mm)}$')
plt.ylabel(r'$\mathrm{Arbitrary \: unit}$')
plt.savefig('example.pdf')
plt.close()

This is really good for the rendering. But quite ugly in the code, where I always have to be in \\mathrm{} mode to write, and add \\: each time I want a space.

Then, my question becomes: Is there a way to avoid using \\mathrm{} mode and still have a good figure? If not, then I'm quite happy with this.