在Jest中，定义全局变量是否与在BeforeAll中定义它们相同？

Question

When writing unit tests with Jest . Why would you use beforeAll over simply assigning value straight to global variables or vice versa?

For example, what's the difference between the following two snippets?

Snippet 1

const mock = { key1: 'val1', key2: 'val2' };

describe('Test Cases', () => {
  test('Case 1', () => {
    // tests that use mock variable
  });

  test('Case 2', () => {
    // more tests that use mock variable
  });
});

Snippet 2

const mock = {};

beforeAll(() => {
  mock.key1 = 'val1';
  mock.key2 = 'val2';
});

describe('Test Cases', () => {
  test('Case 1', () => {
    // tests that use mock variable
  });

  test('Case 2', () => {
    // more tests that use mock variable
  });
});

Answer 1

In your example, it does not make any difference. There are cases when it does make sense, however, to use beforeAll : if you have asynchronous code, functions that return promises.

If you return a promise from the beforeAll callback, you can test the value that the promise eventually resolves to easily in a test.

Quoting from the Jest documentation :

In some cases, you only need to do setup once, at the beginning of a file. This can be especially bothersome when the setup is asynchronous, so you can't just do it inline. Jest provides beforeAll and afterAll to handle this situation. For example, if both initializeCityDatabase and clearCityDatabase returned promises, and the city database could be reused between tests, we could change our test code to:

beforeAll(() => {
    return initializeCityDatabase();
});

afterAll(() => {
    return clearCityDatabase();
});

test('city database has Vienna', () => {
    expect(isCity('Vienna')).toBeTruthy();
});

test('city database has San Juan', () => {
    expect(isCity('San Juan')).toBeTruthy();
});