Chromedriver 错误：[Errno13] 权限被拒绝“chromedriver/chromedriver.exe”

Question

I have an app with Flask that uses Selenium with a Chrome webdriver to scrape the web. It works flawlessly when I'm testing it locally. However, I tried deploying to Heroku and I keep getting the following two errors:

PermissionError: [Errno13] Permission denied 'chromedriver/chromedriver.exe' 

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'chromedriver.exe' executable may have wrong permissions. Please see https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/home

This is the section of my code where I refer to the chromedriver.

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('headless')

browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="chromedriver/chromedriver.exe", chrome_options=options)
browser.get('https://sis.pleasantonusd.net/StudentPortal')

The file chromedriver.exe is in the folder chromedriver , which is level with the file GradeScraper.py (the file with the Selenium code). Here is the directory structure:

QC-Scraper
|- app.py
|- GradeScraper.py
|- Procfile
|- requirements.txt
|- README.md
|- chromedriver
    |- chromedriver.exe
|- templates
    |- grades.html

In the structure, app.py is the main Flask app, where the app.run() function is called. GradeScraper.py is the part with the actual scraping code, and it is imported into app.py . I'll try my best to provide any extra information necessary. Help would be greatly appreciated!

Thanks in advance!

EDIT: I changed the Windows chromedriver to a Linux chromedriver and deployed it, the error still persists.

EDIT2: I also added a release command in the procfile, chmod +x chromedriver/chromedriver . Still doesn't work.

Answer 1

It is telling you that chromedriver.exe doesn't have the executable bit set.

But I don't think that matters since you are trying to run a Windows program (.exe) on an Linux machine which is what Heroku is.