使用 graphql-spring 的 LazyInitializationException

Question

I am currently in the middle of migrating my REST-Server to GraphQL (at least partly). Most of the work is done, but i stumbled upon this problem which i seem to be unable to solve: OneToMany relationships in a graphql query, with FetchType.LAZY.

I am using: https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-spring-boot and https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java-tools for the integration.

Here is an example:

Entities:

@Entity
class Show {
   private Long id;
   private String name;

   @OneToMany(mappedBy = "show")
   private List<Competition> competition;
}

@Entity
class Competition {
   private Long id;
   private String name;

   @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
   private Show show;
}

Schema:

type Show {
    id: ID!
    name: String!
    competitions: [Competition]
}

type Competition {
    id: ID!
    name: String
}

extend type Query {
    shows : [Show]
}

Resolver:

@Component
public class ShowResolver implements GraphQLQueryResolver {
    @Autowired    
    private ShowRepository showRepository;

    public List<Show> getShows() {
        return ((List<Show>)showRepository.findAll());
    }
}

If i now query the endpoint with this (shorthand) query:

{
  shows {
    id
    name
    competitions {
      id
    }
  }
}

i get:

org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: Show.competitions, could not initialize proxy - no Session

Now i know why this error happens and what it means, but i don't really know were to apply a fix for this. I don't want to make my entites to eagerly fetch all relations, because that would negate some of the advantages of GraphQL. Any ideas where i might need to look for a solution? Thanks!

Answer 1

I solved it and should have read the documentation of the graphql-java-tools library more carefully i suppose. Beside the GraphQLQueryResolver which resolves the basic queries i also needed a GraphQLResolver<T> for my Show class, which looks like this:

@Component
public class ShowResolver implements GraphQLResolver<Show> {
    @Autowired
    private CompetitionRepository competitionRepository;

    public List<Competition> competitions(Show show) {
        return ((List<Competition>)competitionRepository.findByShowId(show.getId()));
    }
}

This tells the library how to resolve complex objects inside my Show class and is only used if the initially query requests to include the Competition objects. Happy new Year!

EDIT 31.07.2019 : I since stepped away from the solution below. Long running transactions are seldom a good idea and in this case it can cause problems once you scale your application. We started to implement DataLoaders to batch queries in an async matter. The long running transactions in combination with the async nature of the DataLoaders can lead to deadlocks: https://github.com/graphql-java-kickstart/graphql-java-tools/issues/58#issuecomment-398761715 (above and below for more information). I will not remove the solution below, because it might still be good starting point for smaller applications and/or applications which will not need any batched queries, but please keep this comment in mind when doing so.

EDIT: As requested here is another solution using a custom execution strategy. I am using graphql-spring-boot-starter and graphql-java-tools :

Create a Bean of type ExecutionStrategy that handles the transaction, like this:

@Service(GraphQLWebAutoConfiguration.QUERY_EXECUTION_STRATEGY)
public class AsyncTransactionalExecutionStrategy extends AsyncExecutionStrategy {

    @Override
    @Transactional
    public CompletableFuture<ExecutionResult> execute(ExecutionContext executionContext, ExecutionStrategyParameters parameters) throws NonNullableFieldWasNullException {
        return super.execute(executionContext, parameters);
    }
}

This puts the whole execution of the query inside the same transaction. I don't know if this is the most optimal solution, and it also already has some drawbacks in regards to error handling, but you don't need to define a type resolver that way.

Notice that if this is the only ExecutionStrategy Bean present, this will also be used for mutations, contrary to what the Bean name might suggest. See https://github.com/graphql-java-kickstart/graphql-spring-boot/blob/v11.1.0/graphql-spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/graphql/kickstart/spring/web/boot/GraphQLWebAutoConfiguration.java#L161-L166 for reference. To avoid this define another ExecutionStrategy to be used for mutations:

@Bean(GraphQLWebAutoConfiguration.MUTATION_EXECUTION_STRATEGY)
public ExecutionStrategy queryExecutionStrategy() {
    return new AsyncSerialExecutionStrategy();
}

Answer 2

My prefered solution is to have the transaction open until the Servlet sends its response. With this small code change your LazyLoad will work right:

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
  }

  /**
   * Register the {@link OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter} so that the
   * GraphQL-Servlet can handle lazy loads during execution.
   *
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public Filter OpenFilter() {
    return new OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter();
  }

}

Answer 3

For anyone confused about the accepted answer then you need to change the java entities to include a bidirectional relationship and ensure you use the helper methods to add a Competition otherwise its easy to forget to set the relationship up correctly.

@Entity
class Show {
   private Long id;
   private String name;

   @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "show")
   private List<Competition> competition;

   public void addCompetition(Competition c) {
      c.setShow(this);
      competition.add(c);
   }
}

@Entity
class Competition {
   private Long id;
   private String name;

   @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
   private Show show;
}

The general intuition behind the accepted answer is:

The graphql resolver ShowResolver will open a transaction to get the list of shows but then it will close the transaction once its done doing that.

Then the nested graphql query for competitions will attempt to call getCompetition() on each Show instance retrieved from the previous query which will throw a LazyInitializationException because the transaction has been closed.

{
  shows {
    id
    name
    competitions {
      id
    }
  }
}

The accepted answer is essentially bypassing retrieving the list of competitions through the OneToMany relationship and instead creates a new query in a new transaction which eliminates the problem.

Not sure if this is a hack but @Transactional on resolvers doesn't work for me although the logic of doing that does make some sense but I am clearly not understanding the root cause.

Answer 4

For me using AsyncTransactionalExecutionStrategy worked incorrectly with exceptions. Eg lazy init or app-level exception triggered transaction to rollback-only status. Spring transaction mechanism then threw on rollback-only transaction at the boundary of strategy execute , causing HttpRequestHandlerImpl to return 400 empty response. See https://github.com/graphql-java-kickstart/graphql-java-servlet/issues/250 and https://github.com/graphql-java/graphql-java/issues/1652 for more details.

What worked for me was using Instrumentation to wrap the whole operation in a transaction: https://spectrum.chat/graphql/general/transactional-queries-with-spring~47749680-3bb7-4508-8935-1d20d04d0c6a

Answer 5

I am assuming that whenever you fetch an object of Show , you want all the associated Competition of the Show object.

By default the fetch type for all collections type in an entity is LAZY . You can specify the EAGER type to make sure hibernate fetches the collection.

In your Show class you can change the fetchType to EAGER .

@OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
private List<Competition> competition;

Answer 6

You just need to annotate your resolver classes with @Transactional . Then, entities returned from repositories will be able to lazily fetch data.