TypeScript 中的构造函数，缺少什么？

Question

I'm trying to figure out how to use type-safety provided by TypeScript with old plain constructor functions in JS. I have a very simple example, that looks straightforward, but I miss something and can't make it compile with TypeScript:

interface IMyService {
    new(): IMyService //I'm not sure if this line should be here, I just trying to make it working...
    doSomething(name: string): void
}

function MyService(this: IMyService): void {
    let _name = ""
    this.doSomething = (name) => {
        _name = name
    }
}

//The line below won't compile and it saying:
//"new" expression, whose target lacks a construct signature, implicitly has an "any" type
let service = new MyService();
service.setName("Test Name")  

What I'm missing? I know the preferred way of using TypeScript is with "class", but in my case I would like to use simple constructor functions.

Answer 1

Why dont you want to use TypeScript's classes for this? https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/classes.html .

It will compile down to a function if your target is correct: TypeScript Playground

interface IMyService {
    doSomething(name: string): void
}

class MyService implements IMyService {
    constructor() {

    }
    doSomething(name: string) {

    }
}

Answer 2

You cant really type a function declaration (or at least i dont know how). However you can type a variable, and assign a function to it. And then we can define a constructor type:

interface IMyService {    
  doSomething(name: string): void;
}

interface IMyServiceConstructor {
  new(): IMyService;
}

const MyService: IMyServiceConstructor = function(this: IMyService){
  //...
};

That can be shortified through using an inline type:

const MyService: { new(): IMyService } = function(){
  //...
};

Answer 3

What's stopping you from doing this:

class MyService {
  // declare instance method
  doSomething: (x: string) => void;

  // this is really your function
  constructor() {
    let _name = "";
    this.doSomething = (name) => {
      _name = name;
    }  
  }
}
let service = new MyService();
service.doSomething("Test Name"); 

This emits almost the same code as your original. It's still using a variable local to the constructor function scope, and an instance method instead of a class method. (Instance methods are generally frowned upon because you're creating closures for each instance but that's up to you.)

And TypeScript understands that MyService is newable and all the other goodness you want. Jumping through hoops with constructor type signatures and convincing TypeScript that your function is the right type doesn't seem worth it to me.

Hope that helps.