XPATH-获取父级和子级的元组

Question

Suppose this is my XML:

<animals>
   <mammals> 
      <an>dog</an>
      <an>cat</an>
   </mammals>
   <reptiles>
      <an>snake</an>
   </reptiles>
</animals>

What I want is to get tuples like that using xpath :

(mammals,dog)
(mammals,cat)
(reptiles,snake)

To get each of them separately, or both of them with 2 queries is easy. I was wondering if there is a way to get it (or very similar output) in 1 xpath query.

Any help will be appreciated!

Answer 1

Use lxml :

from io import StringIO

from lxml import etree

xml = """<animals>
   <mammals> 
      <an>dog</an>
      <an>cat</an>
   </mammals>
   <reptiles>
      <an>snake</an>
   </reptiles>
</animals>"""

tree = etree.parse(StringIO(xml))

for x in tree.xpath("/animals/*"):
    for y in x:
        print((x.tag, y.text))

Output:

('mammals', 'dog')
('mammals', 'cat')
('reptiles', 'snake')

Answer 2

Try using xml module in python

from xml.etree import  ElementTree

def parse_data(xml_str):
    output = []
    tree = ElementTree.fromstring(xml_str)
    for m in tree.getchildren():
        for n in m.getchildren():
           output.append((m.tag, n.text,))
    return output

xml_str = '''
<animals>
   <mammals> 
      <an>dog</an>
      <an>cat</an>
   </mammals>
   <reptiles>
      <an>snake</an>
   </reptiles>
</animals>'''

print parse_data(xml_str)
# output: [('mammals', 'dog'), ('mammals', 'cat'), ('reptiles', 'snake')]

Answer 3

In XPath 2.0 or above you can use for construct ( demo ) :

for $x in /animals/*/*
return concat($x/parent::*/name(), ',', $x/text())

But in lxml , which only supports XPath 1.0, we need to replace it with python's for loop :

from lxml import etree

raw = """<animals>
   <mammals> 
      <an>dog</an>
      <an>cat</an>
   </mammals>
   <reptiles>
      <an>snake</an>
   </reptiles>
</animals>"""
root = etree.fromstring(raw)

for x in root.xpath("/animals/*/*"):
    print (x.getparent().tag, x.text)

Answer 4

This xpath returns the requested string but only for the first element. Could be hard to do with pure XPath

'concat("(", local-name(//animals/*), ",", //animals/*/an/text(), ")")'

xmllint --xpath 'concat("(", local-name(//animals/*), ",", //animals/*/an/text(), ")")' ~/tmp/test.xml
(mammals,dog)