Django无法加载静态文件

Question

Completely new to django.

In my settings.py file, I have:

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

My urls.py has

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', views.index)
]

And my views.py has

def index(request):
    return render(request, 'index.html', {})

Finally, I have the following in my index.html:

{% load static %}
<link href="{% static 'styles/custom.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">

The HTML file loads like it showed but the styles don't show up. On inspection, it says that the CSS file was not found.

Here is my directory structure:

.
├── README.md
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── db.sqlite3
│   ├── manage.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   ├── views.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── db.sqlite3
├── static
│   ├── scripts
│   │   └── custom.js
│   └── styles
│       └── custom.css
└── templates
    └── index.html

Answer 1

You have to tell Django where to find the static files. It is done by setting the STATICFILES_DIRS on your settings.py module.

Usually we do something like this, using the BASE_DIR :

settings.py

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
]

---

Some extra info on static settings:

It is a little bit confusing in the beginning, because Django has three similar configuration:

• STATIC_URL
• STATIC_ROOT
• STATICFILES_DIRS

Basically, the STATIC_URL will be used to generate a URL to serve your static assets. It could be a relative URL like you had:

STATIC_URL='/static/'

{% static 'styles/custom.css' %} => /static/styles/custom.css

It could be a full URL:

STATIC_URL='https://static.yourdomain.com/'

{% static 'styles/custom.css' %} => https://static.yourdomain.com/styles/custom.css

Now, the STATICFILES_DIRS is where Django will find your static files. It's usually within the project folder. BUT! This is not from where Django will serve your static assets to the client. It's like, where is the source of your static files .

That's because Django doesn't really serve this kind of files ( .js , .css , .jpg ). Well, not by default anyway. You could use a third-party app like WhiteNoise .

And that's also why we have the STATIC_ROOT , which is to tell Django where to copy those files from the STATICFILES_DIRS so someone else can serve it for me . This someone else is usually Apache or NGINX.

We only use the STATIC_ROOT for deployment.

When we deploy a Django application to a productions server, we usually run the command python manage.py collectstatic . And that's where Django make a copy of the files from STATICFILES_DIRS to the STATIC_ROOT .

But during the development phase you don't really have to care about this much detail, because while DEBUG=True , Django will make things easier for you and serve the static files.

Answer 2

Add these in your settings.py :

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static_in_env')]

VENV_PATH = os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR)

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(VENV_PATH, 'static_root')

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(VENV_PATH, 'media_root')

Answer 3

Here is settings.py code:

STATIC_URL = "/static/"
STATICFILES_DIR = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static")]
LOGIN_URL = "account:login"
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = "public:index"
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = "public:index"


 INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'website.apps.accounts',]