Python：将用户输入作为列表添加到字典中

Question

I have the following script. I ask the user for categories and every category can be sorted in a couple of different ways also given by the user. The output should thus be something like:

{'a': ['b', 'c'], 'd': ['e', 'f']}

But it comes:

{'a': ['b', 'c', 'e', 'f'], 'd': ['b', 'c', 'e', 'f']}

I think that it's because i refer to the same list in each category. I don't really know how to make it dynamic and clearing the list afterwards doesn't seem to give to proper result either.

Can someone point me in the right direction? Thanks in advance

def user_settings():
    settings = {}
    sorteer = []
    while True:

        categorie = input('wat wordt de naam van de categorie: \n')
        if categorie == 'q':
            break
        while True:
            sorteren = input('waar wil je op sorteren: \n')
            if sorteren == 'q':
                break
            sorteer.append(sorteren)
            settings[categorie] = sorteer
    print(settings)

Answer 1

In python lists are mutable and you are using sorteer list against keys in settings dict. Every time you make a change in list(adding or removing element) it reflects against each key as you are using the same list. For detailed understanding refer: Does Python have an immutable list?

You can change your program to:

   def user_settings():
    settings = {}
    while True:
        categorie = input('Enter category: \n')
        if categorie == 'q':
            break
        while True:
            sorteren = input('enter range: \n')
            if sorteren == 'q':
                break
            if categorie in settings: #for python2.X use if settings.has_key(categorie)
                settings[categorie].append(sorteren)
            else:
                settings[categorie]=[sorteren]
    print(settings)

user_settings()

Output: {'a': ['b', 'c'], 'd': ['e', 'f']}

Answer 2

tl;dr move sorteer = [] one line down, so that it's inside the while-loop

def user_settings():
    settings = {}
    while True:
        sorteer = []
        categorie = input('wat wordt de naam van de categorie: \n')
        if categorie == 'q':
            break
        while True:
            sorteren = input('waar wil je op sorteren: \n')
            if sorteren == 'q':
                break
            sorteer.append(sorteren)
            settings[categorie] = sorteer
    print(settings)

Explanation: sorteer = [] creates a new list. Unfortunately, you only do that once. It means you have just 1 list. Not only all the values of your dictionary have the same elements, but they are exactly the same object:

>>> sorteer['a'] == sorteer['d']
True
>>> sorteer['a'] is sorteer['d']
True

sorteer.append(sorteren) doesn't create a copy of the list. So all the keys are mapped to the only list you have, the one you created at the beginning.

The easiest way to fix your code is to create a new list every time you start a new loop of while .