警告：setState（…）：只能更新已安装或正在安装的组件。 这通常意味着

Question

I am working on an exercise in the Udemy Advanced Webdeveloper Bootcamp. The exercise asked to come up with a page of 32 boxes that randomly change colour (every x seconds). My solution is not exactly that. I change the color of all 32 boxes at the same time. It almost works. I get random 32 boxes initially, but does not change the color later. My console tells me I am doing something wrong with the setState. But I cannot figure out what. I think my changeColor is a pure function:

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import './App.css';

class Box extends Component {
    render() {

        var divStyle = {
            backgroundColor: this.props.color
        }

        return(
            <div className="box" style={divStyle}></div>
        );
    }
}

class BoxRow extends Component {
    render() {
        const numOfBoxesInRow = 8;
        const boxes = [];

        for(var i=0; i < numOfBoxesInRow; i++) {
            boxes.push(<Box color={this.props.colors[i]} key={i+1}/>);
        }

        return(
            <div className="boxesWrapper">
            {boxes}
            </div>
            );
    }
}

class BoxTable extends Component {

    constructor(props) {
        super(props);
        this.getRandom = this.getRandom.bind(this);
        this.changeColors = this.changeColors.bind(this);
        this.state = {
            randomColors: this.getRandom(this.props.allColors, 32) // hardcoding
        };

        this.changeColors();
    }

    changeColors() {
        setInterval(
            this.setState({randomColors: this.getRandom(this.props.allColors, 32)}), 5000);
    }

    getRandom(arr, n) {
        var result = new Array(n),
            len = arr.length,
            taken = new Array(len);
        if (n > len)
            throw new RangeError("getRandom: more elements taken than available");
        while (n--) {
            var x = Math.floor(Math.random() * len);
            result[n] = arr[x in taken ? taken[x] : x];
            taken[x] = --len in taken ? taken[len] : len;
        }
        return result;
    }

    render () {
        const numOfRows = 4;
        const rows = [];

        for(let i=0; i < numOfRows; i++) {
          rows.push(
              <BoxRow colors={this.state.randomColors.slice(8*i,8*(1+i))} key={i+1}/>
            )
        }

        return (
          <div className="rowsWrapper">
          {rows}
          </div>
        );
    }
}

BoxTable.defaultProps = {
    allColors: ["AliceBlue","AntiqueWhite","Aqua","Aquamarine","Azure","Beige",
    "Bisque","Black","BlanchedAlmond","Blue","BlueViolet","Brown","BurlyWood",
    "CadetBlue","Chartreuse","Chocolate","Coral","CornflowerBlue","Cornsilk",
    "Crimson","Cyan","DarkBlue","DarkCyan","DarkGoldenRod","DarkGray","DarkGrey",
    "DarkGreen","DarkKhaki","DarkMagenta","DarkOliveGreen","Darkorange",
    "DarkOrchid","DarkRed","DarkSalmon","DarkSeaGreen","DarkSlateBlue",
    "DarkSlateGray","DarkSlateGrey","DarkTurquoise","DarkViolet","DeepPink",
    "DeepSkyBlue","DimGray","DimGrey","DodgerBlue","FireBrick","FloralWhite",
    "ForestGreen","Fuchsia","Gainsboro","GhostWhite","Gold","GoldenRod","Gray",
    "Grey","Green","GreenYellow","HoneyDew","HotPink","IndianRed","Indigo",
    "Ivory","Khaki","Lavender","LavenderBlush","LawnGreen","LemonChiffon",
    "LightBlue","LightCoral","LightCyan","LightGoldenRodYellow","LightGray",
    "LightGrey","LightGreen","LightPink","LightSalmon","LightSeaGreen",
    "LightSkyBlue","LightSlateGray","LightSlateGrey","LightSteelBlue",
    "LightYellow","Lime","LimeGreen","Linen","Magenta","Maroon",
    "MediumAquaMarine","MediumBlue","MediumOrchid","MediumPurple",
    "MediumSeaGreen","MediumSlateBlue","MediumSpringGreen","MediumTurquoise",
    "MediumVioletRed","MidnightBlue","MintCream","MistyRose","Moccasin",
    "NavajoWhite","Navy","OldLace","Olive","OliveDrab","Orange","OrangeRed",
    "Orchid","PaleGoldenRod","PaleGreen","PaleTurquoise","PaleVioletRed",
    "PapayaWhip","PeachPuff","Peru","Pink","Plum","PowderBlue","Purple",
    "Red","RosyBrown","RoyalBlue","SaddleBrown","Salmon","SandyBrown",
    "SeaGreen","SeaShell","Sienna","Silver","SkyBlue","SlateBlue","SlateGray",
    "SlateGrey","Snow","SpringGreen","SteelBlue","Tan","Teal","Thistle",
    "Tomato","Turquoise","Violet","Wheat","White","WhiteSmoke","Yellow","YellowGreen"]
}

export default BoxTable

Answer 1

You need to use a lambda function in order to use setState inside setInterval

setInterval(() => {
        this.setState({randomColors: this.getRandom(this.props.allColors, 
                       32)});
                  }, 5000)

Answer 2

try to change your changeColors function to like this:

changeColors() {
        setInterval(() => this.setState({randomColors: this.getRandom(this.props.allColors, 32)}), 5000);
    }

the first param of setInterval is function, in your original code you already executed this setState and didn't passed the function itself

Answer 3

You will need to update the state after the component creation phase, inside componentDidMount()

class BoxTable extends Component {

    constructor(props) {
        super(props);
        this.getRandom = this.getRandom.bind(this);
        this.changeColors = this.changeColors.bind(this);
        this.state = {
            randomColors: this.getRandom(this.props.allColors, 32) // hardcoding
        };

        // delete this line 
        //this.changeColors();
    }
    // replace changeColors by componentDidMount, 
    // this function will be called automatically by react
    componentDidMount() {
        setInterval(
            this.setState({randomColors: this.getRandom(this.props.allColors, 32)}), 5000);
    }

    getRandom(arr, n) {
        var result = new Array(n),
            len = arr.length,
            taken = new Array(len);
        if (n > len)
            throw new RangeError("getRandom: more elements taken than available");
        while (n--) {
            var x = Math.floor(Math.random() * len);
            result[n] = arr[x in taken ? taken[x] : x];
            taken[x] = --len in taken ? taken[len] : len;
        }
        return result;
    }

    render () {
        const numOfRows = 4;
        const rows = [];

        for(let i=0; i < numOfRows; i++) {
          rows.push(
              <BoxRow colors={this.state.randomColors.slice(8*i,8*(1+i))} key={i+1}/>
            )
        }

        return (
          <div className="rowsWrapper">
          {rows}
          </div>
        );
    }
}

Answer 4

You are calling this.setState before the component has mounted (from the constructor). Try instead making your first this.ChangeColors from the componentDidMount lifecycle function.

Additionally, it's not a bad idea to clear the interval when it unmounts in componentWillUnMount

Edit: By changing the interval to call after the first wait you do prevent the error, for now . I'd recommend using the lifecycle functions to build good habits. It's just a temporary assignment, but in a full project you'd be putting yourself at risk to break the component again later by making it possible to call this.setState before it is reliably mounted.