python中MD5校验和的长度变化

Question

I use the following code to compute the binary representation of MD5 hashcode.

MD5 is always 128 bytes, and bin returns a string starting with "0b". Therefore, the length of md5_bin must always be 130, but when I run the program, it varies between 128 and 130, on different values of random_str .

md5_bin = bin(int(hashlib.md5(random_str).hexdigest(),16))`
print len(md5_bin)

Answer 1

Sure, MD5 is always 128 bytes, but sometimes the first byte is a 0, and occasionally the second byte is too.

Think of it this way: the decimal string '15' and the decimal '0015' are both the same number 15 . When you ask Python to convert the int 15 to a string, you're going to get '15' , not '0015 '. It has no way of knowing that you wanted 4 digits instead of 2:

>>> n = int('0015')
>>> str(n)
'15'

And it's the same with bin . It has no way of knowing that you wanted 128 bits instead of 126. You gave it a number with 126 bits, so it gives you 126 binary digits.

But you can tell it you want that, eg, with a format spec :

bits = format(md5_bin, '0128b')

… or, equivalently:

bits = '{:0128b}'.format(md5_bin)

If you want the 0b prefix, you can add that:

bits = format(md5_bin, '#0128b')
bits = '{md5_bin:#0128b}'.format(md5_bin)
bits = '0b{md5_bin:0128b}'.format(md5_bin)