我正在尝试使用python脚本中的shell命令在目录中打印每个文件的最后一行

Question

I am storing the number of files in a directory in a variable and storing their names in an array. I'm unable to store file names in the array. Here is the piece of code I have written.

import os
temp = os.system('ls -l /home/demo/ | wc -l')

no_of_files = temp - 1

command = "ls -l /home/demo/ | awk 'NR>1 {print $9}'"

file_list=[os.system(command)]

for i in range(len(file_list))
    os.system('tail -1 file_list[i]')

Answer 1

Your shell scripting is orders of magnitude too complex.

output = subprocess.check_output('tail -qn1 *', shell=True)

or if you really prefer,

os.system('tail -qn1 *')

which however does not capture the output in a Python variable.

If you have a recent-enough Python, you'll want to use subprocess.run() instead. You can also easily let Python do the enumeration of the files to avoid the pesky shell=True :

output = subprocess.check_output(['tail', '-qn1'] + os.listdir('.'))

As noted above, if you genuinely just want the output to be printed to the screen and not be available to Python, you can of course use os.system() instead, though subprocess is recommended even in the os.system() documentation because it is much more versatile and more efficient to boot (if used correctly). If you really insist on running one tail process per file (perhaps because your tail doesn't support the -q option?) you can do that too, of course:

for filename in os.listdir('.'):
    os.system("tail -n 1 '%s'" % filename)

This will still work incorrectly if you have a file name which contains a single quote. There are workarounds, but avoiding a shell is vastly preferred (so back to subprocess without shell=True and the problem of correctly coping with escaping shell metacharacters disappears because there is no shell to escape metacharacters from).

for filename in os.listdir('.'):
    print(subprocess.check_output(['tail', '-n1', filename]))

Finally, tail doesn't particularly do anything which cannot easily be done by Python itself.

for filename in os.listdir('.'):
    with open (filename, 'r') as handle:
        for line in handle:
            pass
        # print the last one only
        print(line.rstrip('\r\n'))

If you have knowledge of the expected line lengths and the files are big, maybe seek to somewhere near the end of the file, though obviously you need to know how far from the end to seek in order to be able to read all of the last line in each of the files.

Answer 2

os.system returns the exitcode of the command and not the output. Try using subprocess.check_output with shell=True

Example:

>>> a = subprocess.check_output("ls -l /home/demo/ | awk 'NR>1 {print $9}'", shell=True)
>>> a.decode("utf-8").split("\n")

Edit (as suggested by @tripleee) you probably don't want to do this as it will get crazy. Python has great functions for things like this. For example:

>>> import glob
>>> names = glob.glob("/home/demo/*")

will directly give you a list of files and folders inside that folder. Once you have this, you can just do len(names) to get the first command.

Another option is:

>>> import os
>>> os.listdir("/home/demo")

Here, glob will give you the whole filepath /home/demo/file.txt and os.listdir will just give you the filename file.txt

The ls -l /home/demo/ | wc -l ls -l /home/demo/ | wc -l command is also not the correct value as ls -l will show you "total X" on top mentioning how many total files it found and other info.

Answer 3

You could likely use a loop without much issue:

files = [f for f in os.listdir('.') if os.path.isfile(f)]

for f in files:
    with open(f, 'rb') as fh:
        last = fh.readlines()[-1].decode()
        print('file: {0}\n{1}\n'.format(f, last))
    fh.close()

Output :

file.txt
Hello, World!

...

If your files are large then readlines() probably isn't the best option. Maybe go with tail instead:

for f in files:
    print('file: {0}'.format(f))
    subprocess.check_call(['tail', '-n', '1', f])
    print('\n')

The decode is optional, although for text " utf-8 " usually works or if it's a combination of binary/text/etc then maybe something such as " iso-8859-1 " usually should work.

Answer 4

you are not able to store file names because os.system does not return output as you expect it to be. For more information see : this .
From the docs

On Unix, the return value is the exit status of the process encoded in the format specified for wait(). Note that POSIX does not specify the meaning of the return value of the C system() function, so the return value of the Python function is system-dependent.

On Windows, the return value is that returned by the system shell after running command, given by the Windows environment variable COMSPEC: on command.com systems (Windows 95, 98 and ME) this is always 0; on cmd.exe systems (Windows NT, 2000 and XP) this is the exit status of the command run; on systems using a non-native shell, consult your shell documentation.

os.system executes linux shell commands as it is. for getting output for these shell commands you have to use python subprocess

Note : In your case you can get file names using either glob module or os.listdir() : see How to list all files of a directory