如何像std :: string一样为自定义std :: basic_string <>专业化类定义哈希类？

Question

I have a specialization of std::basic_string , say, string_t , and it the same as std::string except that the third template argument is my custom allocator.

std::basic_string<>

Question: How should I define a hash functor class for this specialization using hash functors already provided in C++ standard library?

I know how to define a Hash functor, but I don't know how to utilize existing std::hash<..> functors in std to define my custom one. I hesitate to write my own hashing operations, knowing it is reinventing the wheel and is unlikely to be better than std::hash<std::string> , since the only difference between string_t and std::string is just the allocator.

cppreference has some examples but they don't help me much - I don't want to construct a temporary std::string object using my string_t object's c_str() method only to feed the temporary object into std::hash<std::string> to get the hash value, because it entails allocating temporary heap memory.

I'm using C++14 and I want to stick to standard library.

Answer 1

Question: How should I define a hash functor class for this specialization using hash functors already provided in C++ standard library?

The short and sad answer is that there is no way to do this. The standard library does not offer hash functions for sequences of integral types.

Workarounds:

boost::hash is superior in every way to std::hash . I would suggest you define your std::hash specialisation in terms of it.

Furthermore, if you can, specify boost::hash<> as the hashing function for all unordered containers. You'll never regret it. std::hash is a half-formed library.

#include <string>
#include <cassert>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <boost/functional/hash.hpp>

struct my_alloc ...

using my_string = std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, my_alloc>;
std::size_t hash_value(::my_string const& s)
{
            return boost::hash_range(s.begin(), s.end());
}

namespace std {
    template<> struct hash<::my_string> 
    {
        std::size_t operator()(::my_string const& s) const
        {
            return hash_value(s);
        }
    };
}

int main()
{
    auto x = my_string("Hello");

    using Set1 = std::unordered_set<my_string, boost::hash<my_string>>;
    auto set1 = Set1 { x };

    auto h = std::hash<my_string>();
    auto hh = h(x);
    assert(hh == hash_value(x));
    return int(hh);
}