无法更改网状中的 Python 路径

Question

The first lines I run when launching my rstudio session are:

library(reticulate)
use_python("/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages")

However, when I run py_config() it shows as still using the default python 2.7 installation.

This is an issue because I'm unable to import any modules that were installed for python3. Any idea why this isn't working? I followed documentation fairly closely.

Answer 1

I observed that neither the technique "use_python('path')" nor the tactic of Sys.setenv(RETICULATE_PYTHON = 'path') in .RProfile worked for me (of course I am sure it must have worked for others.)

In any case the line at terminal,

which -a python python3

did produce two paths to choose from (one for python2 and one for python3 installed on my mac), so then I was able to create a ".Renviron" file in my home directory with this single line in it:

RETICULATE_PYTHON="/usr/local/bin/python3"

After I restarted RStudio, library(reticulate) activates the desired python3, and repl_python() opens a python3 interactive window, etc. etc.

Answer 2

It worked for me:

Sys.setenv(RETICULATE_PYTHON = "/usr/bin/python3")
library(reticulate)

It seems important that you set RETICULATE_PYTHON before you first use reticulate.

Answer 3

use_python("path/to/python3") definitely does not work , although the Reticulate Python version configuration article says so. Don't believe it! :-)

I have tried to set the interpreter with the current Reticulate version (1.13), and the package gave me a very honest answer:

> library("reticulate")
> repl_python()
Python 2.7.15 (/usr/bin/python)
Reticulate 1.13 REPL -- A Python interpreter in R.
> use_python('/usr/bin/python3', require=T)
ERROR: The requested version of Python ('/usr/bin/python3') cannot be
used, as another version of Python ('/usr/bin/python') has already been
initialized. Please restart the R session if you need to attach
reticulate to a different version of Python.
Error in use_python("/usr/bin/python3", require = T) : 
  failed to initialize requested version of Python

Luckily, putting a .Renviron file containing the line RETICULATE_PYTHON="/path/to/python3" into the user's home directory does work :

> library("reticulate")
> py_config()
python:         /usr/bin/python3
libpython:      /usr/lib/python3.6/config-3.6m-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6.so
pythonhome:     /usr:/usr
version:        3.6.8 (default, Oct  7 2019, 12:59:55)  [GCC 8.3.0]
numpy:           [NOT FOUND]

NOTE: Python version was forced by RETICULATE_PYTHON

Finally, here comes the added value of my answer:

You can configure the Reticulate Python interpreter for all users by adding the RETICULATE_PYTHON line to the global Renviron file. It is usually found in the etc subdirectory of R's home directory. You can find out where R's home is by running the R.home() function in the R interpreter. In my case (Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS) it was /usr/lib/R , so I edited /usr/lib/R/etc/Renviron . You obviously need admin rights to do this.

Answer 4

The only thing that work for me on Mac OSX, perform the following commands in the terminal:

touch $HOME/.Renviron

Then open it, I use vim, so my command is then the following:

vim $HOME/.Renviron

Add the following (for anaconda):

RETICULATE_PYTHON="/anaconda3/bin/python"

Otherwise, in the terminal type: which python3 and enter your output path

RETICULATE_PYTHON="your path from which python3"

Answer 5

Install numpy in the python environment you wish to use.

pip install numpy

I found that Reticulate refuses to use a version of python that does not have numpy installed.

I figured this out by running:

library("reticulate")
py_discover_config()

Reticulate skipped the first two version of python listed and used the third. I noticed it printed out the numpy version so it was probably looking for it as a requirement. It is not mentioned in the docs and should probably be added as a common problem.

Answer 6

It worked for me:

• Sys.setenv(RETICULATE_PYTHON = "C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3")
• library(reticulate)
• repl_python()

Answer 7

For windows users, after creating a virtualenv python :

virtualenv python

this worked to use the virtualenv

Sys.setenv(RETICULATE_PYTHON = "python/Scripts/python.exe")
library(reticulate)
py_config()

EDIT: This works for any path, eg

Sys.setenv(RETICULATE_PYTHON = "C:/Users/UserA/Anaconda3/envs/myEnv/python.exe")

To avoid having to do it each time, add the Sys.setenv line to RProfile:

file.edit(file.path("~", ".Rprofile"))
file.edit(".Rprofile")

Answer 8

You have to discover the path to your the .exe python file and then specify it in the .Renviron file.

The best is to create a conda environment to your project and then specify it as your reticulate path.

library(reticulate)

conda_create("environment name", packages = c("pandas", "matplotlib", "seaborn"), conda = "auto") # creates conda environment for your project

conda_python("environment name") # returns the .exe python path for your environment

Keep this path for the .Renviron file!!

To edit the .Renviron file:

library(usethis)

edit_r_environ()

Then, the .Renviron file will open. Paste the .exe path in it as follows:

RETICULATE_PYTHON="YOUR ENVIRONMENT PATH/python.exe"

Remember to paste it with / instead of "\\".

Restart the R session and use the following command to check if everything is right:

library(reticulate)

py_config()

If everything is right, you should get something like:

python: YOUR ENVIRONMENT PATH/python.exe libpython: YOUR ENVIRONMENT PATH/python39.dll pythonhome: YOUR ENVIRONMENT PATH version: 3.9.7 (default, Sep 16 2021, 16:59:28) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] Architecture: 64bit numpy: YOUR ENVIRONMENT PATH\\lib\\site-packages\\numpy numpy_version: 1.21.2

After this it should work :)