除了使用正则表达式外，如何忽略或排除shell中的备份文件[以〜结尾的文件]？

Question

For example, If I want to get the md5checksum of all files in a path.

$ find /path/to/ -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum

But the output also includes checksum of backup files. In general, any way to ignore backup files in shell?

Answer 1

Just tell find to restrict the found names to those that do not end with tilde:

find /path/to/ -type f ! -name '*~' -exec md5sum {} +

This does not use regular expressions ( *~ is a filename globbing pattern).

Answer 2

The only file name pattern that typically has a special meaning in the context of Unix shell is names starting with dot . .These files are typically considered "invisible" for default shell expansion.

Different applications use different name patterns for indicating what they consider to be "backup files" (tilde ~ in the beginning or a name, in the end, .backup extension etc.). Unless such applications also mark such files with specific (non-standard) file attributes, the easiest way to tell them apart is by providing a file name pattern or wildcard specific for a given type of backup files.

In your case, find accepts file name patterns as a regular argument: -name "*~"