UnicodeDecodeError：“ ascii”编解码器无法解码字节0xe4

Question

I'm wondering if someone could help me out, I've tried searching beforehand but I'm unable to find an answer:

I have a file called info.dat which contains:

#
# *** Please be aware that the revision numbers on the control lines may not always
# *** be 1 more than the last file you received. There may have been additional
# *** increments in between.
#
$001,427,2018,04,26
#
# Save this file as info.dat
#

I'm trying to loop the file, get the version number and write that to its own file

with open('info.dat', 'r') as file:
    for line in file:
        if line.startswith('$001,'):
            with open('version.txt', 'w') as w:
                version = line[5:8] # Should be 427
                w.write(version + '\n')
                w.close()

While this does write the correct info, I keep getting the following error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "~/Desktop/backup/test.py", line 4, in <module>
for line in file:
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/encodings/ascii.py", line 26, in decode
return codecs.ascii_decode(input, self.errors)[0]
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe4 in position 6281: ordinal not in range(128)

When trying to add the following

with open('info.dat', 'r') as file:
    for line in file:
        if line.startswith('$001,'):
            with open('version.txt', 'w') as w:
                version = line[5:8]
                # w.write(version.encode('utf-8') + '\n')
                w.write(version.decode() + '\n')
                w.close()

I get the following error

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "~/Desktop/backup/test.py", line 9, in <module>
w.write(version.encode('utf-8') + '\n')
TypeError: can't concat str to bytes

Answer 1

You're trying to open a text file, which will implicitly decode each line with your default encoding, then manually re-encode each line with UTF-8, then write it to a text file, which will implicitly decode that UTF-8 back using your default encoding again. That isn't going to work. But the good news is, the right thing to do is a lot simpler.

---

If you know the input file is in UTF-8 (which it probably isn't—see below), just open the files as UTF-8 instead of as your default encoding:

with open('info.dat', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    for line in file:
        if line.startswith('$001,'):
            with open('version.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as w:
                version = line[5:8] # Should be 427
                w.write(version + '\n')
                w.close()

In fact, I'm pretty sure your files are not in UTF-8, but Latin-1 (in Latin-1, \\xa3 is ä ; in UTF-8, it's the start of a 3-byte sequence that probably encodes a CJK character). If so, you can do the same thing with the right encoding instead of the wrong one, and now it will work.

---

But if you have no idea what the encoding is, don't try to guess; just stick with binary mode. This means passing rb and wb modes instead of r and w , and using bytes literals:

with open('info.dat', 'rb') as file:
    for line in file:
        if line.startswith(b'$001,'):
            with open('version.txt', 'wb') as w:
                version = line[5:8] # Should be 427
                w.write(version + b'\n')
                w.close()

---

Either way, no need to call encode or decode anywhere; just let the file objects take care of it for you, and deal with only a single type (whether str or bytes ) everywhere.

Answer 2

encode（）返回字节，但“ \\ n”是字符串，您需要将字符串形式的字节转换为字节+字节，因此请尝试此操作

w.write(version.encode('utf-8') + b'\n')