python：目录结构导入问题，使脚本和模块分开

Question

I have the following directory structure:

app/
  bin/
    script1.py
    script2.py
  lib/
    module1/
      __init__.py
      module1a.py
      module1b.py
    __init__.py
    module2.py
  Dockerfile

My problem is that I want to execute script1.py and script2.py , but inside those scripts, I want to import the modules in lib/ .

I run my scripts from the root app/ directory (ie adjacent to Dockerfile ) by simply executing python bin/script1.py . When I import modules into my scripts using from lib.module1 import module1a , I get ImportError: No module named lib.module1 . When I try to import using relative imports, such as from ..lib.module1 import module1a , I get ValueError: Attempted relative import in non-package .

When I simply fire up the interpreter and run import lib.module1 or something, I have no issues.

How can I get this to work?

Answer 1

In general, you need __init__.py under app and bin , then you can do a relative import, but that expects a package

If you would structure your python code as python package (egg/wheel) then you could also define an entry point, that would become your /bin/ file post install.

here is an example of a package - https://python-packaging.readthedocs.io/en/latest/minimal.html

and this blog explains entry points quite well - https://chriswarrick.com/blog/2014/09/15/python-apps-the-right-way-entry_points-and-scripts/

if so, that way you could just do python setup.py install on your package and then have those entry points available within your PATH , as part of that you would start to structure your code in a way that would not create import issues.

Answer 2

You can add to the Python path at runtime in script1.py:

import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '/path/to/your/app/')
import lib.module1.module1a

Answer 3

you have to add current dir to python path.

use export in terminal or sys.path.insert in your python script both are ok