获取错误：org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException：未知错误：密钥应为字符串

Question

I am getting the error to access the data from the properties file in my selenium UI : How can this be solved ?

org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: keys should be a string.

I have the following framework. I made it for my self for ease, looks like complicating myself. If any good ideas to better it, please suggest. Appreciate all suggestions.

Framework contains the following :
1. config properties file
2. utilities class
3. Page elements definition class file
4. reusable functions class file
5. test classes

config.properties file has the following content :

url=http://some.com
Email=someuser
Password=somepassword

Utilities class ( BrowserCalls ) the following code :

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class BrowserCalls {

    public WebDriver driver;
    public Properties configs = new Properties();
    public String pathToProperties = "path to config.properties file";

    public void invokeChromeBrowser() throws IOException {

        FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(pathToProperties);
        pmsConfigs.load(input);
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", configs.getProperty("chromepath"));
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        getAndMazimize();

    }

    private void getAndMazimize(){

        driver.get(configs.getProperty("url"));
        driver.manage().window().maximize();

    }


    public void closeChromeBrowser(){

        if(driver != null){

            driver.close();
        }

    }


}

Page elements definition class file has the following code :

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

public class LoginPageElements {


    //Login page elements
    public static By element1 = By.xpath("/html/head/link[1]");
    public static By username = By.xpath("//*[@id=\"login\"]/input/tr1/td1");
    public static By password = By.xpath("//*[@id=\"login\"]/input/tr2/td1");
    public static By submitButton = By.xpath("//*[@id=\"login\"]/input/tr3/td2/button");
    public static By title = By.xpath("/html/head/title");

}

Functionality definition classes to be called by test case classes :

import com.automation.PageElements.LoginPageElements;
import com.automation.ReusableFunctions.BrowserCalls;

public class LoginFeature extends BrowserCalls {

    public void userLogin(){

        driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.element1);
        driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.username).sendKeys(configs.getProperty(Email));
        driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.password).sendKeys(configs.getProperty(Password));
        driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.submitButton).click();

    }

}

Test Case class is as below :

import com.automation.ReusableFunctions.BrowserCalls;
import com.automation.Components.LoginFeature;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.IOException;

public class LoginTestCase1 extends BrowserCalls {

    @Test (description = "Verify application login")
    public void LoginTest() throws IOException {

        LoginFeature login = new LoginFeature();
        login.invokeChromeBrowser();
        login.userLogin();
        login.closeChromeBrowser();

    }

}

Answer 1

You can check what this two statements return like this:

System.out.println(System.getProperty("Email"));
System.out.println(System.getProperty("Password"));

probably they are returning null , and that's why you are getting error.

Try this:

public void userLogin(){
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("Email")); // check statement return
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("Password")); // check statement return

        driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.element1);
        driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.username).sendKeys(configs.getProperty("Email"));
        driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.password).sendKeys(configs.getProperty("Password"));
        driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.submitButton).click();

    }

PS

System.getProperty("key") // should be like this
System.getProperty(key) // not like this

Answer 2

Change these two lines to :

driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.username).sendKeys(configs.getProperty(Email))
driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.password).sendKeys(configs.getProperty(Password)); 

To:

driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.username).sendKeys(configs.getProperty("username"))  
driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.password).sendKeys(configs.getProperty("password"));  

Now talking about the suggestion part :

There is some serious issue in this class : LoginPageElements , and that is because of absolute xpath .

For example : You are using this xpath : //*[@id=\\"login\\"]/input/tr3/td2/button to click on submit button.

A good alternative would suggest you to use relative xpath something like :

//button[text()='Submit']  // This may not work cause you have not shared the HTML for the submit button. Here I am just guessing.

different alternative would be to go with : sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) , if and only if the application support clicking on enter after providing the username and password .Something like this in code :

driver.findElement(LoginPageElements.password).sendKeys(configs.getProperty("password"+Keys.RETURN));

Though as suggested by @Andrei , if you are heavily dependent on login as test method , then you should write a relative xpath or any other locator for the submit button instead of Keys.RETURN .

Your all xpath are absolute , try to write locators as in this order :

1. id
2. classname
3. linkText
4. partialLinkText
5. tagName
6. css selector
7. xpath (Try to be more relative than absolute)

Answer 3

Some time ago I was have troubles with property file, the problem was with line separators, when I opened property file with Notepad++ all looked fine, but line separators was missing when file was opened with Notepad . Possibly it will help

Answer 4

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