如何将数组传递给存储过程以便连续插入一些记录

Question

As everybody knows there is no array in SQL Server, there are some workarounds to achieve that somehow, like table-valued parameters (TVP) and user-defined data type (UDT) or even a parameter as comma-separated values (CSV).

There are also some examples on the internet that show how to use it, but most of them apply SELECT statement and use the parameter directly just like this:

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.GetOrderList1
    (@OrderList VARCHAR(500))
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON

    DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(600)

    SET @SQL =  'SELECT OrderID, CustomerID, EmployeeID, OrderDate
                 FROM dbo.Orders
                 WHERE OrderID IN (' + @OrderList + ')'

    EXEC(@SQL)  
END

But I need to use an INSERT statement and use every single part of parameter one by one.

In my case I send a message to multiple participants by SignalR and I need to save it in data base too. Imagine I have a MessageId and I want to save it this way:

ID   |    MessageId   | ReceiverId
-----+----------------+-----------
     |                |

I need my stored procedure to get just one MessageId say 100 and multiple ReceiverId s say (1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005) and insert them in related table one by one, something like this:

EXEC sp_AddToMessageReceivers 100, (1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005)

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_AddToMessageReceivers
    @messageId INT, 
    @ReceiversIds VARCHAR(500)
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @i INT = 0

    WHILE @i < @ReceiversIds.length
    BEGIN
        INSERT INTO [dbo].[MessageReceiver] (MessageId, ReceiverIds)
        VALUES (@MessageId, @ReceiversIds[i])

        SET @i = @i + 1
    END
END

I know how to get the table valued parameter in stored procedure but I don't know how to work with them one by one in a while loop.

I really appropriate it if you offer a solution for this problem.

Answer 1

You can create a 1-Many relationship DataTable from your application side and pass it as Table Value Parameter to your Stored Procedure and then you can insert into the table.

For example, first create a TVP with MessageId and ReceiverId

CREATE TYPE MessageTableType AS TABLE   
(
MessageId int,
ReceiverId int
)

Then create your Stored Procedure like this,

CREATE PROCEDURE uspAddToMessageReceivers
    @MsgTvp MessageTableType readonly
AS
BEGIN
        INSERT INTO [dbo].[MessageReceiver] 
        SELECT MessageId, ReceiverId from @MsgTvp
END

Then create a DataTable from your application side (assuming C# application) and pass it to the Stored Procedure.

DataTable dataTable = new DataTable();
dataTable.Columns.Add("MessageId", typeof(int));
dataTable.Columns.Add("ReceiverId", typeof(int));
//dataTable.Rows.Add.. Add rows here

Answer 2

You need to either create a table value function that returns a table form from csv values.

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_csvToColumns]
    (@CommadelimitedString NVARCHAR(MAX),
     @delimiter CHAR(1)
)
RETURNS @Result TABLE (Value VARCHAR(100))
AS
BEGIN
    -- Fill the table variable with the rows for your result set
    DECLARE @IntLocation INT

    WHILE (CHARINDEX(',',    @CommadelimitedString, 0) > 0)
    BEGIN
        SET @IntLocation =   CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @CommadelimitedString, 0)      

        INSERT INTO @Result (Value)
            --LTRIM and RTRIM to ensure blank spaces are   removed
            SELECT RTRIM(LTRIM(SUBSTRING(@CommadelimitedString, 0, @IntLocation)))   

        SET @CommadelimitedString = STUFF(@CommadelimitedString, 1, @IntLocation, '') 
    END

    INSERT INTO @Result (Value)
        SELECT RTRIM(LTRIM(@CommadelimitedString))--LTRIM and RTRIM to ensure blank     spaces are removed

    DELETE FROM @Result 
    WHERE Value = ''

    RETURN 
END

Alter your stored procedure to use above function:

ALTER PROCEDURE sp_AddToMessageReceivers
    @messageId INT, 
    @ReceiversIds VARCHAR(500)
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @temp TABLE (tempid INT)

    INSERT INTO @temp(tempid)
        SELECT value 
        FROM dbo.fn_csvToColumns(@ReceiversIds, ',')

    WHILE EXISTS (SELECT TOP 1 null FROM @temp)
    BEGIN
        SELECT TOP 1 @ReceiverIds = tempid 
        FROM @temp

        INSERT INTO [dbo].[MessageReceiver] (MessageId, ReceiverIds)
        VALUES (@MessageId, @ReceiverIds)

        DELETE FROM @temp 
        WHERE tempid = @ReceiverIds
    END
END

Answer 3

I would use a split function (good examples can be found here ).

Example:

INSERT INTO yourTable (messageId, ReceiversId)
SELECT @messageId, fn_ssm.Item
FROM dbo.SplitStrings_Moden fn_ssm (@ReceiversIds, N',')

I strongly vote against any method using WHILE loops or the like, especially nestes loops like the example above since this might affect the code performance significantly!