子进程参数列表为long

Question

I have a third party executable called by using subprocess.check_output unfortunately my argument list is too long and repeatedly calling it is much slower than calling it once with many arguments.

Slow due to making the command call many times:

def call_third_party_slow(third_party_path, files):
    for file in files:
        output = subprocess.check_output([third_party_path, "-z", file])
        if "sought" in decode(output):
            return False
    return True

Fast but fails when there are many files:

def call_third_party_fast(third_party_path, files):
    command = [third_party_path, "-z"]
    command.extend(files) 
    output = subprocess.check_output(command)
    if "sought" in decode(output):
        return False
    return True

Is there any easy way I can work around the command length limit or easily group the files to avoid exceeding the os dependent length?

Answer 1

You could batch the files list like this:

def batch_args(args, arg_max):
    current_arg_length = 0
    current_list = []
    for arg in args:
        if current_arg_length + len(arg) + 1 > arg_max:
            yield current_list
            current_list = [arg]
            current_arg_length = len(arg)
        else:
            current_list.append(arg)
            current_arg_length += len(arg) + 1
    if current_list:
        yield current_list

So the method body would look like this:

os_limit = 10
for args in batch_args(files, os_limit):
    command = [third_party_path, "-z"]
    command.extend(args) 
    output = subprocess.check_output(command)
    if "sought" in decode(output):
        return False
return True

Two things I'm not sure about:

1. Does the path to the exe itself count towards the limit? If yes -> add that to the limit each batch. (Or decrease arg_max by the length of the exe string)
2. Does the space between args count? If not remove both +1 occurences.

Adjust arg_max to what is possible. Probably there is some way of finding this out per OS. Here is some info about the max args size of some OSs. That site also states there is a 32k limit for windows.

Maybe there is a better way to do it using the subprocess library, but I'm not sure.

Also I'm not doing any exception handling (args in list longer than max size, etc.)

Answer 2

I solved this by using a temporary file on windows. For Linux the command could be executed as is.

Method to build the full command for the different plattforms:

import tempfile

temporary_file = 0
def make_full_command(base_command, files):
    command = list(base_command)

    if platform.system() == "Windows":
        global temporary_file
        temporary_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
        posix_files = map((lambda f: f.replace(os.sep, '/')),files)
        temporary_file.write(str.encode(" ".join(posix_files)))
        temporary_file.flush()
        command.append("@" + temporary_file.name)
    else:
        command.extend(files)
    return command

Usage of the file as a global variable ensures it is cleaned up after the execution.

This way I didn't have to find the max command length for different OSes

Answer 3

If you don't want to reinvent an optimal solution, use a tool which already implements exactly this: xargs .

def call_third_party_slow(third_party_path, files):
    result = subprocess.run(['xargs', '-r', '-0', third_party_path, '-z'],
        stdin='\0'.join(files) + '\0', stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
        check=True, universal_newlines=True)
    if "sought" in result.stdout:
        return False
    return True

You'll notice I also switched to subprocess.run() , which is available in Python 3.5+

If you do want to reimplement xargs you will need to find the value of the kernel constant ARG_MAX and build a command-line list whose size never exceeds this limit. Then you could check after each iteration if the output contains sought , and quit immediately if it does.