如何等待来自for循环的多个异步调用？

Question

Code without any handling:

  for (i=0; i<dbImgCount; i++){
        (function(i) {
             imgDownload(FolderPath[i].FolderPath, function (next){
                var url = FolderPath[i].FolderPath;
                const img2 = cv.imread(imgDownload.Filename);
                match({url,
                    img1,
                    img2,
                    detector: new cv.ORBDetector(),
                    matchFunc: cv.matchBruteForceHamming,
                });

            })
        })(i);
      }

In the above code, imgDownload is an async function which will download image, match will match features of downloaded image with another image. Need to execute a function after this for-loop .

How to restructure this code, using Promise or async-await , so that each call to asynchronous function is waited for and only after completing the for-loop , flow continues?

---

Edited the code with async-await :

    FolderPath.forEach(FolderPath => {
        (async function () {
            var filename = await imgDownload(FolderPath.FolderPath);
            var url = FolderPath.FolderPath;
            const img2 = cv.imread(filename);
            imgs = await match({url,
                img1,
                img2,
                detector: new cv.ORBDetector(),
                matchFunc: cv.matchBruteForceHamming,
            });
        })();
    });

    function someFunction(){
       console.log("After forEach");
    }

How to execute someFunction only after forEach ?

Answer 1

With your last update, although you have used async-await inside for-loop , but that did't stoped your synchronous flow.

I'm assuming your imgDownload and match functions are returning promise.

Then new Code will be:

(async function () {

    // Next loop won't be executing without completing last.
    for (i = 0; i < FolderPath.length; i++) {

        var filename = await imgDownload(FolderPath[i].FolderPath);
        var url = FolderPath[i].FolderPath;

        const img2 = cv.imread(filename);

        imgs = await match({url,
            img1,
            img2,
            detector: new cv.ORBDetector(),
            matchFunc: cv.matchBruteForceHamming,
        });
    }

    // Now will wait for for-loop to end
    function someFunction(){
       console.log("After forEach");
    }
// End of async-await
})();

Here's a small sample example:

(async function () { 
    for (i=0; i<5; i++) {
        x = await main();
        console.log(x, i);
    }
    console.log("Finally");
})();

// asynchronous main function
function main() {
    return new Promise( (resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(()=> { resolve('Done'); }, 5000)
    });
}

Answer 2

Thanks everyone for the comments.

   (async function () { 
        for (i = 0; i < FolderPath.length; i++) {
            var filename = await imgDownload(FolderPath[i].FolderPath);
            var url = FolderPath[i].FolderPath;
            const img2 = cv.imread(filename);
            imgs = await match({url,
                img1,
                img2,
                detector: new cv.ORBDetector(),
                matchFunc: cv.matchBruteForceHamming,
            });
        }
        console.log("After forEach");
    })();

This is working - "After forEach" displays only after for loop.

---

When using forEach as mentioned in the answer above.

(async function () {

   // Next loop won't be executing without completing last.
  FolderPath.forEach(FolderPath => {

    var filename = await imgDownload(FolderPath.FolderPath);
    var url = FolderPath.FolderPath;

    const img2 = cv.imread(filename);

    imgs = await match({url,
        img1,
        img2,
        detector: new cv.ORBDetector(),
        matchFunc: cv.matchBruteForceHamming,
    });
});

// Now will wait for for-loop to end
function someFunction(){
   console.log("After forEach");
}
// End of async-await
})();

Output is - SyntaxError: await is only valid in async function .

I think await keyword won't be in scope of async function, when it comes under forEach , that should be the reason.