如何限制仅由通用类型实现的接口

Question

I've been in an interview recently where interviewer asked me this question-

How to write an interface so that it restricts or enforces to be implemented by only a generic type or prevent providing implementation?

Could somebody please answer this question with some code sample or provide any reference of the exactly same question with sample snippets for understanding. Is it possible? If YES then how and If NO then why?

Answer 1

It is not possible to restrict who implements your interface.

The only restriction you can give is for the interface to be generic

• eg public interface IInterface<T> { }

And you can also restrict the generic T of the interface to some type.

• eg public interface IInterface<T> where T : GenericConstraint { }

This GenericConstraint restriction can also be the following:

• struct
• class
• unmanaged
• new()
• base class name
• interface name
• another generic type

For more info on the constraints available see MS Docs - Constraints on type parameters

As @Saruman has pointed out, it is highly recommended to read:

MS Docs - Generics (C# Programming Guide)

RE: " where T " can be of any kind of class or I can enforce it be of some specific type? could you please provide some snippets on this?

If you use a specific class name:

The type argument must be or derive from the specified base class.

Therefore if I have the following classes:

• public class GenericConstraint { }
• public class NewGenericConstraint : GenericConstraint{ }

I could provide both GenericConstraint and NewGenericConstraint to IInterface<T> where T : GenericConstraint because both of those are or derive from GenericConstraint .

Therefore the following classes would be valid:

• public class Subject : IInterface<GenericConstraint> { }
• public class Subject : IInterface<NewGenericConstraint> { }
• public class Subject<T> : IInterface<T> where T : GenericConstraint { }
• public class Subject<T> : IInterface<T> where T : NewGenericConstraint { }

The GenericConstraint cannot be a sealed-class because if GenericConstraint was sealed, eg:

• public sealed class GenericConstraint { }

You wouldn't be able to inherit from it, and the following would fail to compile:

• public class NewGenericConstraint : GenericConstraint { }

Therefore, it would be pointless to provide a generic parameter of which constraint is a sealed class. Therefore the compiler enforces you to constrain a generic type to a non-sealed class